Tuesday, June 17, 2025
Home Blog Page 73

Deputy Regional Rep. OHCHR/WARO Calls on African Leaders to Commit Political Will in Addressing Migration

By: Alieu Jallow

Benjamin Hounton, Deputy Regional Representative of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the West African Regional Office, called on African leaders on Monday, 13th May, to demonstrate substantial political will in addressing migration. He made these remarks during the closing ceremony of a three-day NGOs forum held in participation with the 79th session of the African Commission for People’s and Human Rights preceding its 79th ordinary session.

Mr. Hounton noted that the level of political will demonstrated by Africa’s leaders in addressing migration falls short of what is needed, and he urged them to take the issue seriously.

“We urge our governments to prioritize migration as a critical issue by demonstrating strong political will and supporting youth and children so they can thrive in Africa without feeling compelled to migrate,” he emphasized.

The UNOHCR representative stressed the importance of harmonizing strategies in addressing migration, pointing out that while many actors are involved in migration issues, the lack of coordination hinders their efforts.

“The need to harmonize our efforts is crucial. This forum serves to strengthen the work of all stakeholders involved in migration strategies, including networking to mobilize resources, not just financial but also advocating at the political level to persuade our leaders to find better solutions to migration,” he outlined.

Mr. Houghton highlighted that the OHCHR office and its UN partners are supporting the NGOs Forum to enhance advocacy, lobbying, and networking among human rights NGOs, as well as between these organizations and other stakeholders, to advance human rights in Africa.

“The Forum allows the African and global NGO community to assess challenges and devise effective strategies. It also aims to enhance cooperation among NGOs operating within the African Commission and other human rights mechanisms throughout Africa.”

The Deputy Regional Representative OHCHR/WARO emphasized that the NGO Forum provides a unique opportunity for the UN Regional Network on Migration to engage with diverse civil society representatives, strengthening their engagement on migration issues, including child rights and gender issues in mobility contexts. This ensures that civil society representatives raise human rights concerns related to these topics within the ACHPR session and their work in their respective countries.

“Through the PROMIS project (a joint initiative of UNODC and OHCHR), OHCHR and UNODC, in coordination with the regional UN Network on Migration and the PAPEV project on children’s rights, support stakeholders’ efforts to address human rights challenges faced by migrants at all stages of their journeys. This includes focusing on women’s rights in migration and child mobility in West Africa.”

The event concluded with an advocacy working dinner attended by 150 African NGO leaders and the UN, aimed at focusing on the rights of women and children in migration contexts. The objectives included raising awareness on human rights issues related to migration and child mobility, identifying key challenges, highlighting strategies, building synergies for civil society contributions to migrant protection, and advocating for the effective implementation of the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement while addressing related violations.

Environment Minister Commends Bush Town Community for Forest Preservation

Environment Minister Commends Bush Town Community for Forest Preservation

Mister Rohey John Manjang

 By: Dawda Baldeh

The Minister of Environment, Climate Change, and Natural Resources, Rohey John Manjang, has praised the Bush Town community in the Sami Constituency of the Central River Region North for their forest conservation efforts.

These commendations were given by the minister yesterday as part of her nationwide tour, which aims to inspect sites of projects focused on forest protection and preservation.

Overview of the Bush Town Forest

Following their visits to several forests in the Lower River Region and Central River Region, where deforestation rates are on the rise, the Minister and her delegation were delighted to discover a well-conserved forest in Bush Town.

“I have visited many places, but your forest is the best,” she told the residents.

“I am happy that you are protecting this forest by not engaging in coal burning, cutting down of trees, and other deforestation activities because trees play a vital role in our lives,” she added.

The Minister expressed her ministry’s unwavering commitment to support the community to preserve their forest.

As a result of the community’s commitment to protecting their forest from all forms of man-made destruction, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) project has constructed an Ecolodge Center in the village to serve as a source of income for the villagers.

Ecolodge Center in Bush Town

The centre, located in the village will be used to host tourists visiting the forest which is rich in several pieces of wildlife including birds.

“Birdwatchers who want to come to the forest will be paying tickets and that money is for the village to have a source of income different from destroying the forest for short-term benefits,” said Njaga Touray, Deputy Executive Director for NEA and Focal Point for GEF 6 Project.

The Governor of the Central River Region, Ousman Bah, said the community of Bush Town is taking forest preservation seriously.

“These people don’t joke with their forest, and they are aware of the dangers of climate change which is affecting the world,” he said.

Governor Bah also commended the village for their efforts in ensuring the safety of the environment.

“Protecting the forest will benefit you and the generations to come,” he continued.

“Don’t allow the short-term benefits to destroy the forest and preserve it so that you can have bigger benefits.”

Other speakers at the site also re-echoed similar sentiments underscoring the significance of forest protection to address the effects of climate change.

Bush Town Forest is one of the most popular places that attracts tourists yearly due to its beauty and the presence of several wildlife animals.

Overview of the Bush Town Forest

The tour objective is to gain firsthand insight into the ongoing projects and initiatives undertaken by the Ministry to address environmental issues.

Health experts urge lawmakers to maintain anti-FGM law in Gambia

By: Dawda Baldeh

In recent months, The Gambia has seen a national debate regarding the appropriateness of Female Genital Mutilation/Circumcision (FGM/C).

The discussions have largely centred on the personal views of stakeholders involved in the debate.

A bill aiming to decriminalize the ban on FGM has recently passed the second reading in the National Assembly, further intensifying the debate, with some advocating for expert opinions to safeguard women and girls from the practice.

A group of experts, comprising gynaecologists and doctors specializing in women’s health, have issued a collective statement. They have called upon the members of the National Assembly to uphold the law prohibiting Female Genital Mutilation.

“As gynaecologists and doctors working in women’s health, we feel compelled to contribute to the ongoing debate surrounding the appropriateness of female genital cutting (FGC) in The Gambia,” they said in a statement.

These seasoned health experts believe that evidence-based medicine should guide people’s understanding and approach to this issue.

“Therefore, we urge lawmakers to maintain the current laws on FGM to prevent significant harm to the anatomy and mental health of women,” the statement continued.

It is crucial to recognize that in The Gambia, FGM is conducted by individuals without formal medical training. Experts indicate that these procedures frequently occur without anaesthesia, utilizing rudimentary tools, and in settings that fail to adhere to basic health and safety protocols.

“This poses immediate risks, such as significant bleeding, injury to vital organs like the urethra, infection, and fever.

“Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted on the health effects of FGM, and they consistently demonstrate both immediate and long-term complications,” the experts said.

“Immediate complications include bleeding, acute inability to urinate, and swelling around the genital area.

“Long-term consequences include genital scarring, neuromas of the clitoris causing severe pain, and the development of large masses such as epidermoid inclusion cysts and sebaceous cysts.

“Furthermore, FGM has been associated with urinary tract symptoms, impaired sexual function, and an increased risk of complications during childbirth, such as haemorrhage, caesarean section, stillbirth, and excessive bleeding.

“Psychological problems, including anxiety, flashbacks, and post-traumatic stress disorder, have also been reported in women who have undergone FGM.

“Some individuals have argued that type 1A FGM (cordectomy or removal of the prepuce) is harmless and even beneficial and should be practised within the healthcare system in The Gambia, similar to male circumcision.

“However, there is a lack of robust research supporting the benefits of type 1A FGM.

“Performing this procedure on children carries significant risks, even in a hospital environment, due to the small size of the external genitalia and the difficulty in delineating anatomical structures.

“Clitoral hood reduction surgery (cordectomy) falls under the umbrella of female genital cosmetic surgery.

“While consenting adult women may choose to undergo this procedure, we align ourselves with the statement of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) that concludes that clitoral hood reduction surgery is not medically indicated, poses substantial medical risks, and its safety and effectiveness have not been established.”

Additionally, they expressed concerns about the strain that the practice of cordectomy in public health facilities would place on an already burdened healthcare system.

Diverting resources from other life-saving services to cater to cordectomy may lead to public harm in the long run.

“As healthcare professionals, we have a fundamental ethical obligation to “not harm.”

Performing FGM would be a violation of this principle,” the gynaecologists continued.

This statement is endorsed by the following:
1. Dr. Patrick Idoko Senior Consultant Gynaecologist

2. Dr Hassan Azadeh Senior Consultant Gynaecologist

3. Dr Mustapha Bittaye Senior Consultant Gynaecologist and Director of Health
Services

4. Dr Matthew Anyanwu Senior Consultant Gynaecologist

5. Dr Jose Green Harris Specialist Gynaecologist and Head of Clinical Services at
Kanifing General Hospital

6. Dr Awa Jah Specialist Gynaecologist

7. Dr Fatoumata Jarjusey Specialist Gynaecologist

8. Dr Kebba Gassama Specialist Gynaecologist

9. Dr. Dado Jabbie Specialist Gynaecologist and Head of Department at Bundung
Maternal and Child Health Hospital

10. Dr. Barrister Babanding Daffeh Senior Medical Officer and Head of Department at
Kanifing General Hospital

11. Dr Lucas Jatta Senior Medical Officer Brikama District Hospital

12. Dr Elizabeth Innis Gynaecologist
13. Dr Awa Sanyang Gynaecologist

Angry ambulance drivers drag Riders to Labour

By Kebba Camara

At least 29 drivers employed by Riders For Health have voiced their grievances regarding what they perceive as unjust working conditions to the Department of Labour, insisting that management compensate them for “all past allowances, including overtime and risk allowance.”

Momodou Jallow, Chairman of the Ambulance Driver’s Association, has highlighted several challenges faced by them at Riders, leading to a report being filed with Labour.

Mr Jallow, representing the drivers, claimed that Riders have failed to compensate for overtime and public holidays. Typically, he noted, a single driver is assigned to a facility, resulting in an excessive workload. He further said drivers have been denied annual leave for several years, including weekends.

“So, we are demanding the management to pay us all previous allowances including overtime and risk allowance. Some of our drivers have contracted diseases during the job and some died,” he said.

The Public Relations Officer of the drivers, Mr. Fabakary Ndong, expressed similar concerns, accusing the management of Riders of overworking the staff. Mr Ndong stated that following their formal complaint to the labour department, the management reacted angrily and reassigned some of the staff to rural areas.

“Some of us have stopped reporting to our workplaces because the management is not happy that we went to labour. For me personally, they said they transferred me to Kaur and am not going,” he said.

Many who spoke to this reporter expressed that Riders had taken their staff for a ride, declaring that enough is enough.

In an interview at his office, the Administrative Manager of Riders For Health Ken Bugul Diko, said they have collaborated with drivers for over 22 years. He mentioned that Riders offer better compensation than the government’s pay scale, which attracts many drivers to their service.

He refuted allegations of overworking drivers, explaining that larger facilities are staffed with two drivers on a shift basis, while smaller ones operate with a single driver. For instance, in Brikama, drivers Fabakary Ndong and Lamin Sanneh work in shifts, and Mr Diko expressed uncertainty regarding their grievances.

“Look, we give them leave every year and we have that evidence in our files. We pay them allowances and this includes hardship allowance and overtime.

“Some of them don’t want to go on leave when their leaves are due.  We have that evidence too. To the best of our knowledge, we don’t owe them anything.”

In response to the question of why some drivers were suddenly transferred upcountry, Mr Bugut Mbye explained that it is a routine practice to transfer drivers periodically. He refuted the drivers’ claims that the transfers were being used as a form of punishment.

“Go and check the documents again, we did these transfers way before they went to the labour department. In fact, we want to believe that it is because of these transfers they ran to labour,” Mbye said.

Mr Mbye stated that they hold the labour department in high regard and will comply with any decision it makes. The drivers and riders have scheduled another meeting at the Labour Department on the 29th of this month.

NGO Denounces Factors Limiting Safe Migration Routes

By: Alieu Jallow

During the ongoing NGO forum on participation in the 79th session of the African Commission on People’s and Human Rights, a special session on the topic “Contribution of Civil Society to the Promotion and Protection of Migrants’ and Children’s Rights” denounces several factors, including the limited availability of safe and regular migration pathways.

These development actors consider certain migration factors as violations of migrants’ rights, which consequently compel more people to migrate irregularly.

These actors believe that the securitization of migration, including the tightening of border controls in the West African region, has exposed migrants to greater risks of human rights violations, especially women and children.

“We denounce the experiences migrants go through, which are gross violations of their human rights in their countries of origin, transit, or destination. These violations include denial of civil and political rights such as arbitrary arrests, illegal detention, torture, or lack of due process, as well as economic, social, and cultural rights such as poverty, challenges in accessing health care and education, maintaining an adequate standard of living, social security, just and favorable working conditions, and discrimination, among others.”

Access to quality education remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, despite being considered fundamental for human development and societal progress. This sector continues to face persistent challenges such as low proficiency, risks of child trafficking, forced begging, and child abuse, which undermine its development.

Similarly, members discussed issues surrounding the gender gap, focusing on interventions to promote girls’ education, improve maternal and reproductive healthcare, address gender-based violence, and enhance women’s economic empowerment through access to finance, land rights, and entrepreneurship opportunities.

The NGO’s special forum on the contribution of civil society to the promotion and protection of migrants’ and children’s rights called for improved mechanisms to address human rights issues in the context of migration. These officials are of the opinion that despite states being the fundamental duty bearers, civil society remains a critical stakeholder in ensuring the promotion and protection of the human rights of migrants.

The 79th Session of the ACHPR NGO Forum Commits to Addressing Africa’s Educational Challenges

By: Alieu Jallow

During the ongoing Forum on the Participation of NGOs in the 79TH Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights preceding the 79th ordinary session a special session on the topic “Contribution of Civil Society to the Promotion and Protection of Migrants’ and Children’s Rights” denounces several factors, including the limited availability of safe and regular migration pathways.

As development actors working alongside governments to achieve developmental progress, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) renewed their commitment on Saturday to addressing challenges hindering Africa’s educational system. The Gambia is currently hosting the forum on the participation of NGOs in the 79th ordinary session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights.

This year’s theme is “Educating an African Fit for the 21st Century: Building Resilient Education Systems for Increased Access to Inclusive, Lifelong, Quality, and Relevant Learning in Africa.”

Despite provisions in several human rights instruments such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the African Youth Charter, and the Maputo Protocol, the continent’s educational system continues to face stark realities such as access to basic education, inadequate educational materials, and resources, among others.

Mrs. Hannah Foster, Chairperson of the African Commission for Human and Peoples’ Rights, underscored the need for collective responsibility in the protection of human rights, stressing the call for everyone to be involved in the process.

The Chairperson advocated for collaboration between civil society and government actors to achieve the collective goal of protecting human rights.

“It is evident that civil society has not rested on its laurels and has continued to play its role in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms to complement the efforts of governments and other partners. Consequently, it must be promoted and protected by everyone, everywhere, every time, and every day,” she emphasized.

Jannet Sallah Njie, Vice-Chair of ACHPR, called for collaboration to overcome the challenges facing the education sector and urged for the building of schools in rural areas.

Speaking on behalf of the Chief Justice, Justice Isatou Jallow Sey described education not as a luxury but as a catalyst for sustainable development and societal cohesion that empowers individuals to claim their rights, challenge injustice, and contribute to their community.

“Investing in education is investing in the very fabric of society, paving the way to a brighter future. The role of NGOs in advancing this theme cannot be overstated. NGOs are the lifeblood of civil society, champions in championing the cause of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law in Africa. They are vanguards of change, courageous voices advocating for the most vulnerable among us, and catalysts for progress,” Justice highlighted.

The next three days will be critical as officials will hold panel discussions on the contribution of civil society to the promotion and protection of migrants’ and children’s rights, panels on the Protection of Human Rights by United Nations Mechanisms and by Regional Judicial or Quasi-Judicial Entities, and the Protection of Human Rights by UN Mechanisms: Impact, Challenges, and Best Practices.

GDC Celebrates 8th Anniversary of Political Participation

By: Dawda Baldeh

The opposition Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC) celebrated its 8th anniversary of political participation yesterday, 11 May, marking a journey of sacrifices and contributions to the development of the country’s political landscape.

Established in 2016, GDC contested against former President Yahya Jammeh and emerged third behind APRC as the coalition took the lead in the polls.

In his celebratory message, Ebrima Nyang, GDC Admin Secretary 1, expressed profound gratitude for his participation in the growth of GDC under the leadership of Mamma Kandeh.

He also highlighted various pressing issues affecting the country in his celebratory message.

Nyang expressed gratitude to all GDC supporters, sympathizers, and executives for their unwavering commitment to the party’s development.

He emphasized that GDC will continue to nurture the norms and values of democracy and is open to all citizens who wish to join.

Furthermore, he mentioned that his party is concerned about the burning issues the country is facing, such as poor education, healthcare, youth unemployment, security, and the high cost of living.

Speaking specifically about education, Nyang raised concerns about rumors of a planned tuition fee increment at the University of The Gambia.

“This is a significant concern for us as a party because it will further limit access to higher education for students from less privileged families,” he stated.

He added that this would adversely affect less privileged families and hinder their pursuit of higher education.

Nyang also commented on the escalating prices of commodities in markets and the challenges facing security in the country.

On security, Nyang asserted that the country’s security situation threatens every Gambian because “no one feels safe” both at home and outside.

“We must take our security very seriously to ensure that anyone guilty of a crime is punished according to the law.

Incidents such as drivers kidnapping innocent women and girls due to weak security are unacceptable,” he claimed.

Nyang advocated for empowering the security forces to enable them to carry out their duties effectively.

“The crime rate in the country is rising, and security needs adequate support to combat these crimes.

The prevalence of killings, injuries, and other crimes is alarming in The Gambia,” he remarked.

Additionally, Nyang outlined various pressing issues in the country and called on the government to take swift action and address people’s concerns.

He also mentioned GDC’s plans to tackle these multiple problems if elected in 2026, including the rising cost of living, crime rates, unemployment, agriculture, education, and healthcare, among others.

“I renew my commitment and loyalty to the party and urge all Gambians to support GDC to bring about change in 2026.

Our problems have solutions if we are willing to set aside our differences and allow GDC to lead the way in 2026,” he concluded.

Farming in Foni After Ex-President Jammeh

By Yaya A Bojang (Bojis)

Foni, a multi-ethnic settlement in the eastern part of the West Coast region, was once home to a Gambian president. From 1994 to 2016, the country’s President hailed from the tiny Foni village of Kanilai. During his presidency, Foni was distinct from any other region in the country on so many fronts.

Gibob, a small village in the extreme sides of Foni, in the Bondali district, is one of the many Foni villages that have taken a different path in the post-Jammeh era. About 3km from the Transgambia Highway, the village has a dull population like many off-road villages in Foni. For many years, the village used to be known for its productivity, in the eras of both Jawara and Jammeh. This is because it harboured well-known traditionalists with great repetition in farming, and fishing, and also with strong spiritual backgrounds. The village used to be rich with a productive environment that included a thick forest of palm trees, which was a source of palm oil, palm kernel oil, and even palm wine and stems used for roofing.

Growing up in the village, farming was the only enterprise we knew. The job was to be either in the fields for the cultivation of crops or rearing of our domesticated animals. The dominant between the two was that of crop cultivation. For animals, it was a semi-intensive system on the side of goats and sheep and subsistence systems with cattle, especially on oxen, for drawing plough implements. This was a time when both young and elderly people (men and women) were always up to the groundnut farms or rice fields just to make sure the production never stopped. This was a time when ninety per cent of one’s feeding was self-produced at the farms by the families.

Like many other villages in the Foni, the coming of Yahya Jammeh played a pivotal role in boosting agricultural activities in the area because of his huge interest in Agriculture. His influence impacted the farming communities. The area was known for many activities, but farming was one major activity out of the many.

Many argued that the decline of farming began when many of the region’s youths started migrating to the Kombos. However, this is far from reality because, despite the urban migration, farming was considerably profitable for many villages in Foni. Besides, many ascribed the lack of interest in farming to the inexplicable seizure of tractors from farmers that were very useful in mechanised farming.

Apparently, a strong change of attitude towards farming in Foni came after Jammeh. Many villages in Foni went helpless and effortless, and in fact, the farming tools and implements were awfully damaged by corrosion. A larger part of the region slowed down on farming. The mass migration of youths to the urban centres could have a role in it, considering such farming practices need human resources but a reflective observation of the trends of farming would contend that farming in Foni significantly dropped when Jammeh left for Equatorial Guinea. What is obvious is that many villages lost their appetite for farming after this experience.

One may imagine what may result in this swift change of attitude against farming. Farming was an activity heavily promoted by Jammeh. As a result, the people of Foni were able to reinforce themselves with the commitment shown by him at the time. He served as a morale booster, a motivator, and an exemplary farmer to them. This was the time farming was really practised – maybe not as in the era of our forefathers, but greatly performed way more than it’s done today.

The desertion of farming resulted in the burning of charcoal by many villagers in the Foni to earn a living – a menace I wish to immediately end if I have the means. Many forests were deforested due to the heavy dependence on charcoal production in replacement of farming.

Jammeh’s exile caught some people off guard, which resulted in much dull energy from some natives in Foni, and a moratorium on farming was the severest effect caused by Jammeh’s exile.

Notwithstanding, the revival of the spirit of farming is gradually shaping form, and I hope that will continue to have a definite shape to regain our full definition of farmers.

The Role of Scientific Research in Gambian Senior Secondary Schools

By: Kodou Jeng Gaye

In The Gambia, kickstarting scientific research in senior secondary schools is vital for several reasons.

Stimulating Curiosity and Critical Thinking: Introducing research at this level nurtures curiosity and critical thinking skills among students, encouraging them to explore, question, and solve real-world problems.

Connecting Theory with Practice: Research bridges the gap between theory and practice, allowing students to apply classroom knowledge practically. It helps them understand the relevance of science in addressing societal issues and driving technological progress.

Cultivating Innovation and Entrepreneurship: By fostering a research-oriented mindset, schools inspire future innovators and entrepreneurs. This empowers students to contribute to economic growth by harnessing The Gambia’s untapped potential in various fields.

Tackling Local and Global Challenges: Research empowers students to address local and global challenges, such as food insecurity and climate change, by developing sustainable solutions tailored to their communities.

Enhancing Academic Excellence and Opportunities: Engaging in research enhances academic excellence, strengthens college applications, and opens doors to scholarships and mentorship opportunities. It equips students with valuable skills sought after by universities and employers.

In conclusion, starting scientific research in Gambian senior secondary schools is an investment in the future. It cultivates a generation of scientifically literate and socially responsible citizens, paving the way for a brighter, more prosperous future for The Gambia.

Kodou Jeng Gaye
President and Founder
Women in STEM Gambia

FaBB Officially Launched: Chief Launcher Pledges $1 Million to Support FaBB

By: Dawda Baldeh

The Fatoumata Bah-Barrow Foundation (FaBB) marked a significant milestone with its official launch ceremony at the prestigious International Conference Center on Friday. The event, graced by esteemed guests and supporters, symbolized years of dedicated efforts in uplifting the lives of vulnerable Gambians across the nation.

At the heart of this momentous occasion was the generous pledge of one million dollars by the Chief Launcher, Alhaji Mohammed Indimi, demonstrating a profound commitment to supporting FaBB’s mission and initiatives.

Established in 2017, FaBB has swiftly become a beacon of hope and a catalyst for positive change, earning widespread recognition and trust within the country. The foundation’s core focus on empowering impoverished communities, disadvantaged women, youth, children, and vulnerable groups has been instrumental in transforming countless lives.

One of FaBB’s notable initiatives highlighted during the launch is its nationwide celebration for newborns on New Year’s Day. This heartwarming tradition involves presenting gifts and cash prizes to babies born at midnight or shortly after, fostering a spirit of joy and celebration across various health facilities nationwide.

During the launch event, deserving individuals and entities were honored with awards for their exceptional contributions to FaBB’s growth and impact. The outpouring of support from attendees, including additional pledges, underscored the collective dedication to FaBB’s noble cause.

Betty Ceesay, a prominent figure, lauded FaBB for its embodiment of unity and unwavering commitment to transforming lives through targeted programs and strategic partnerships. Her sentiments echoed the sentiments of many, recognizing FaBB as one of the most successful and impactful foundations in the country.

First Lady Fatoumata Bah-Barrow, deeply moved by the event’s significance, expressed profound gratitude and joy, emphasizing the pivotal role of FaBB in fostering positive change and addressing critical needs such as medical assistance, water provision, food aid, and more.

The presence of distinguished guests from national and international levels further underscored FaBB’s growing influence and importance in the realm of humanitarian efforts. The First Lady reiterated FaBB’s steadfast commitment to promoting and enhancing the well-being of vulnerable individuals and communities, reaffirming its role as a catalyst for lasting change and progress.

As FaBB embarks on this new chapter following its official launch, the foundation remains steadfast in its mission to uplift, empower, and transform lives, guided by a spirit of compassion, unity, and unwavering dedication to making a meaningful difference in the lives of those most in need.

GAP Condemns UK Foreign Secretary’s Comments on FGM and Visa Sanctions Threat to Lawmakers in The Gambia

By: Dawda Baldeh

The Gambia Action Party (GAP) has denounced recent statements made by United Kingdom Foreign Secretary David Cameron regarding the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in The Gambia, labeling them as “blatant interference with national sovereignty.”

GAP leader Musa Ousainou Yali Batchilly also condemned Cameron’s suggestion of imposing visa sanctions on lawmakers who advocate for lifting the ban on FGM.

“It is completely unacceptable for any foreign power to dictate the legislative agenda of another sovereign nation. The Gambia possesses its own democratic institutions and mechanisms for addressing social issues such as FGM,” he stated.

According to GAP, Cameron’s efforts to pressure Gambian lawmakers into lifting the ban on FGM demonstrate a blatant disregard for our autonomy and the will of our people.

Additionally, he criticized Cameron’s comparison of FGM with LGBTQ+ rights in the UK as both misguided and deeply offensive.

“The struggle for LGBTQ+ rights is centered on upholding the fundamental human rights and dignity of individuals, while FGM is and will never be a practice that respects the rights and bodily integrity of women and girls,” he emphasized.

The Gambian opposition further argued that there is no moral equivalence between the two issues, and it is shocking that Cameron would even suggest such a comparison.

He continued, “Let it be clear to David Cameron and any other foreign actors attempting to interfere in our affairs: The Gambia will not succumb to bullying or coercion to lift the ban on FGM.”

The GAP leader urged Gambian lawmakers to stand firm, emphasizing that they are elected representatives of the Gambian people who will uphold laws reflecting our values and aspirations.

“No amount of threats or sanctions will dissuade us from safeguarding the rights and well-being of our women and girls, as guided by our religious beliefs, particularly Islam.

In conclusion, David Cameron’s remarks regarding FGM in The Gambia are not only hypocritical but also a violation of our sovereignty,” he asserted.

Finally, the Gambian opposition leader called on the international community to respect The Gambia’s democratic processes and refrain from meddling in its internal affairs.

“The Gambia will steadfastly uphold its commitment to lifting the ban on FGM and promoting gender equality and human rights for all without interference from external powers such as the UK,” he concluded.

Former BAC CEO: It is ‘difficult to adhere to 40% and 60% requirement as contained in the Local Government Act’

By Mama A. Touray

Mam Sait Jallow, the former CEO of Brikama Area Council, has told the Local Government Commission of Inquiry that the Council’s overhead costs, including salaries and fuel, hindered compliance with the Local Government Act which provides that 40% of the revenue should be used in the council while 60% should be plough back for the development of the area.

During his testimony on sand mining, he revealed that although mining was occurring, the Council did not receive its due benefits. He noted the Geology Department oversaw the mining of sand and gravel, yet the Council saw no financial gain.

Despite engaging with the Government, the Council’s efforts to secure benefits from regional mining activities remained unsuccessful. He highlighted the Mines and Quarry Act’s provision for a 40% Council benefit from mining, which he affirmed was not being fulfilled by the Geology Department.

When asked why they did not adhere to the provision of the Local Government Act which provides that 40% of the revenue should be used in the council while 60% should be plough back for the development of the area, the witness said “The overhead cost such as salaries and other administrative expenses like fuel of the Council made it difficult to adhere to 40% and 60% requirement as contained in the Local Government Act”.

Lead counsel Gomez asked if it was normal to spend one million dalasi on fuel for a month and the witness responded “Yes, it depends on the circumstances”.

The witness was asked to provide the 2018 and 2019 financial statements, income and expenditure for the Brikama Area Council on or before his next appearance before the Commission.

Former CEO Jallow was informed about an audit finding that some of the markets have no toilet facilities and the vendors go to the neighbourhoods to use their toilets which he said is true.

He added that he was part of the committee but was quick to state that the committee was not active and that “Commitment was lacking from the members”.

Jallow agreed with Lead Counsel Gomez that the councillors did not represent their people well. Gomez further told him “It is unimaginable that some toilets do not have toilets when millions are being collected from the people”.

He said there was a means to construct toilets, but it was not constructed.

Youth in the Move for Change: “Tackling Plastic Waste in The Gambia”

Plastic bags in yellow, orange, red. Black lids of the coffee to go. White diapers and crystal-clear plastic bottles. A colorful hustle and bustle of plastic where there used to be a vibrant flurry of small fish. We walk across the Manjai-Dippa Kunda Bridge. Where once clean fresh water meandered through the community, greening and enriching the area with valuable water, where children and the elderly could fish from the small river, now floats garbage. We, that is Ablie Gaye and Luisa (“Isatou”) Elleser of the youth and environmental organization Youth in the Move for Change (YMC). Ablie is a co-founder and the president of our young nonprofit organization and Luisa is the coordinator of the current project.

YMC is a grassroots youth organization that has set out with a vision to serve humanity by creating opportunities for the young generation and promoting civilization in the country with a bottom-up approach. Our areas of work are education, public health, environmental protection and gender mainstreaming. The aim is to equip our young people with knowledge and skills that will enable them to return to their respected communities and play an important role in socio-economic development. With our current project, we are addressing the issue of plastic pollution in our communities.

Plastic, once invented and praised as an effective product material that could be used to improve the problem of fresh water access through plastic bottles in which water could be filled and stored, or medical practices, among other things, is increasingly showing its darker side. The problem: plastic pollution. Plastic waste, unconsciously discarded and inadequately managed, is becoming a pressing environmental problem worldwide and also in our country, The Gambia. We see it everywhere. Basically anywhere you go, plastic waste will be the first things to greet you.  Not just in the Manjai stream, but on every street, every green space, on the beach and even in schoolyards, markets and parks  and private properties. And it is an issue to be tackled as it has a devastating impact on marine and terrestrial life, on our precious mangroves and the associated oyster industry, on the fishing sector, on accelerating climate change and, last but not least, on animal life and human health.

Plastic is made from fossil fuels, i.e. oil and gas, which are finite and environmentally damaging resources as their extraction contributes to the climate change we are experiencing here every year with rising temperatures and increasingly frequent flooding of the River Gambia. The problem with this material is firstly that we consume more than we need and that half of the plastic designed and used is for single use only, meaning. used once and thrown awayAnother problem is that it is not biodegradable, i.e. it does not decompose, but breaks down into very small particles the size of a sesame seed, so-called microparticles, which remain in the sea, penetrate the soil and eventually enter the bodies of animals and our own bodies via the food we grow on the polluted soil and the fish contaminated with microplastics from the sea. Finally, there is the problem of inadequate waste management and pollution of our environment.

People’s attitude towards the environment is very poor, they dispose of their waste on a whim without caring too much or thinking about what consequences their actions will have for the country in the future.

And this is where our project comes into play. Our ongoing initiative addresses the issue of plastic pollution and focuses on raising awareness of the problem, highlighting people’s responsibility and empowering them to make positive changes in their daily lives and contribute to a more sustainable future. We are also reaching out to different stakeholders to engage them in terms of joint cooperation, technical and financial support and in particular to put pressure on governments at different levels, i.e. local authorities such as city councils as well as the respective ministries and government officials to create and enforce existing measures.

At a national level, there are indeed various policies that theoretically address the issue of waste and plastic waste in particular. There is the National Environmental Management Act of 1994, which provides a framework for environmental standards and also covers waste management practices. We have the Waste Management Act of 2007, an Anti-Littering Ordinance of 2008 that prohibits indiscriminate littering and makes it a public offense, and provides for a nationwide monthly clean-up campaign. And finally, in 2015, a ban on the sale, import and use of plastic bags was enacted and a contract was awarded to private companies.

But what good are all these measures if people, including authorities, police officers, public figures and every individual, turn a blind eye when waste is thrown out of the Gelli Gelli at random or mountains of garbage are simply burnt, accompanied by dark gray clouds of smoke that damage the environment and our lungs? Or in other words: What good is the law if it is not enforced?

Then it simply becomes empty words. And that is exactly what we are experiencing with the current policy. Another reason for us to put pressure on the authorities. Another reason for us to educate the public and empower them to take positive action on an individual and community level.

Our project “tackling Plastic Waste in The Gambia”, whose main objective is to raise awareness and ultimately reduce plastic pollution, has four main components: Firstly, interactive school workshops where we visit eight different schools in our four target communities of Sanchaba Sulay Jobe, Keirr Serign, Bijilo and Kololi, give theoretical inputs on plastic change with a special focus on The Gambia and the role of the individual, conduct interactive discussions and group work and conclude with a joint clean-up of the schoolyards and surrounding areas. Secondly, our outreach work where we conduct door-to-door campaigns and workshops in the communities to educate and raise awareness about plastic pollution. Third, together with community members, we conduct clean-up campaigns in public places, parks, beaches and the aforementioned river in the four target communities, involving as many people as possible, helping not only to clean up and improve the aesthetics, environment and microclimate of the area, but also to further raise awareness among community members. And finally, fourthly, our media work, involving private and state television stations, radio stations and newspapers like the one you are reading right now, and publishing posts on social media.

We all bear our own responsibility. Both as government representatives and single one of us in the community. This issue is closely linked to so many other environmental, economic, social and political issues and as such needs to be addressed holistically and at different levels. But we as a grassroots organization believe in change from the ground up. We believe in the power of the individual as a positive changemaker. We believe in the ability of each and every one of us to act. Together, we can help shape a greener, more beautiful, healthier and more sustainable future.

UK Foreign Secretary Cameroon suggests visa sanctions against lawmakers who support FGM

By Hadram Hydara

The UK Foreign Secretary, Sir David Cameron, present at the Mansion House dinner alongside Dr Fatou Bensouda, the High Commissioner of The Gambia in the U.K., spoke about the FGM issue, suggesting the potential for visa sanctions against lawmakers who support the practice and the lifting of its prohibition. 

Presently, The Gambia stands alone as the nation where certain Members of Parliament are pushing for the repeal of a prohibition. Sir David Cameroon’s address encompassed a variety of global issues and crises.

Following his address, Her Excellency Dr Fatou Bensouda, the Gambian High Commissioner to London, engaged him in a conversation about Gambian viewpoints and the crucial role of democratic processes in tackling difficult national matters.

The Gambia has undergone a significant transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic and parliamentary system of governance.

The nation is a member of numerous international rule-based orders and multilateral organizations, such as the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, and ECOWAS.

Historically, The Gambia maintains robust ties with the United Kingdom, sharing common values and traditions on various issues. Furthermore, The Gambia upholds the fundamental human rights of all its citizens and has established an independent Human Rights Commission to support this commitment.

Of Sizes And Summits

OPINION

By Cherno Baba Jallow

Geography hasn’t been kind to The Gambia. Consider its size: The country is only 4, 363 square miles. Consider also its location. The country is in the heart of another country. But for its juxtaposition with international waters (read: the Atlantic Ocean), The Gambia would have been a fully enclaved state, one completely surrounded by another state. Like Lesotho surrounded by South Africa.

The Gambia, physically elongated and skinny, has been at the receiving end of contemptible mockery. My Guinean cousin once suggested, in jest, that The Gambia should consider annexation with Sénégal. “What is the point of having a small country like The Gambia exist on its own?,’’ he said. Being often reminded that yours is the “smallest country in mainland Africa’’ is annoying.

Annoying further, when your country is looked down upon because of its size. From the onset, when The Gambia finally extricated itself from the trammels of colonialism, doubts about the country’s chances of survival were already in motion. The country’s smallness, more than anything else, captured the American writer Berkeley Rice’s imagination in his groundbreaking 1967 book ‘’Enter Gambia: The Birth of an Improbable Nation.’’ It’s one thing for a young and newly-Independent country to lack the human and capital resources to run its own affairs. It’s quiet another, and a big one at that, for that country to be too minuscule to fight for its own survival. But The Gambia soldiers on, 59 years since the dawn of Independence.

Just a few days ago, The Gambia hosted a summit for the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the second largest inter-governmental organization after the United Nations. It was a big deal for the micro state. Sure, only a few heads of states came. No matter. The fact that member states attended the summit and discussed global matters on Gambian soil is something to be proud of. Gambians should be in the habit of thirsting for occasions that put their country in the spotlight and give it some say in world affairs.

A few years ago, The Gambia’s international standing was in tatters. Former President Yahya Jammeh occasioned the country’s strained relations with the West and international civil society. He took The Gambia out of the Commonwealth. He threatened to withdraw the country from the International Criminal Court. From 1994 to 2016, The Gambia became infamous for what its leadership represented: authoritarianism, vanity and eccentricity.

In 2009, The Gambia hosted the African Union summit. Jammeh used it as an opportunity to position himself, to burnish his utopian pan-African ideals. He wanted to be seen as a regional leader, a deal-maker in the sub-region. But he bombed out. It’s hard for any leader to gain international credibility when your own backyard wallows in desolation.

In 1990, the late President Alhaji Sir Dawda Kairaba hosted a peace summit for Liberia during a brutal period of that country’s civil war. On October 24, 1990, the Banjul III Agreement was signed for the ‘’cessation of hostilities and peaceful settlement of conflict in Liberia.’’ The Banjul talks also discussed the idea of ECOMOG, the peacekeeping military force that eventually intervened in Liberia.

The ECOMOG experiment represented the first time a sub-regional group in Africa conducted military operations to return order and sanity to a troubled spot on the continent. The idea of sending soldiers to Liberia may have been conceived in Nigeria, but it was certainly fleshed out on Gambian soil. Perhaps, The Gambia was chosen for the venue of the Liberian peace talks because of its standing as a beacon of democracy, peace and stability in the sub-region.

“Democracy,’’ H. L. Mencken famously said, “is the theory that the common people know what they want, and deserve to get it good and hard.’’ In 2016, Gambians knew what they wanted and worked hard for it: a return to a political life free from muzzled speech, arbitrary arrests and detentions, forced disappearances and extra-judicial killings. But perhaps they also wanted their country to let go of its battered image and return to its halcyon days of international admiration. So, a resumption of constitutional order was key.

For The Gambia, the first African country visited by a sitting US president, one of the most peaceful on the continent and with the third strongest currency in the sub-region, its size hasn’t mattered after all. The country isn’t far-removed from the giants on the issues that bind nations together. And it’s well aware that to make up for its smallness and be an entity to reckon with in the international arena, it has to go big in the following: strong institutions, good leaders, peace, stability and democracy. The objective is to adhere to this mindset. Permanently.

President Barrow Commemorates the Memory, Life and Legacy of late President Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara

As the family of the late premier Gambian President and humanist, Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara is poised to celebrate the Centenary (100 years) of his birth on the 16th May, 2024, His Excellency, President Adama Barrow offers his heartfelt congratulations, prayers and best wishes to the esteemed Jawara family.

On behalf of the First Family, the Government and the people of the Republic of The Gambia, President Barrow feels singularly honoured and humbled to preside over our great country as it celebrates the rich and remarkable life and legacy of Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara; a great son of the country and global statesman.

Born in Barajali in The Gambia’s Central River Region on 16th May, 1924, Sir Dawda rose from humbling provincial beginnings to a towering intellectual, political and global statesman respected and admired the world over. He died peacefully at his Fajara residence on the 27th of August, 2019, age 95.

President Barrow will preside over the Centenary commemoration honouring Sir Dawda’s rich legacy at a befitting ceremony to be held at the Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara International Conference Centre. The date of that grand occasion will be announced in due course.

Meanwhile, as the nation celebrates the memory and enduring legacy of Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, Mr. Barrow urges all Gambians, institutions and the media to join him in remembering our late elderly statesman in the form of seminars and symposia on human rights, the rule of law and democracy. Environmentalists are also, encouraged to embark on tree planting and clean-up exercises reflecting President Jawara’s memory and passion in the preservation of our fauna and flora anchored in the historic 1977 Banjul Declaration.

Mr Barrow specifically appeals to religious leaders across all faiths and denominations nationwide, to hold special prayers beginning tomorrow, Friday through Sunday and thereafter, for Sir Dawda’s departed soul, his family and the entire country.

Stakeholders Convened to Validate the Ministry of Youth and Sports Strategic Plan 2024-2028

Representatives from various ministries and departments gathered at a local hotel in Kololi to review and validate the Ministry of Youth and Sports (MOYS) Strategic Plan for 2024-2028. This comprehensive five-year plan will guide the development of youth and sports in The Gambia, ensuring alignment with the National Development Plan (RF-NDP 2023-2028).

The Strategic Plan was developed by ESTRA Consulting firm and funded by UNPFA Gambia. During the development process, there was a nationwide consultation with relevant stakeholders, including representatives from the youth and sports sectors, associations, civil society organizations, development partners, and government agencies. This plan aligns with the Recovery Focused National Development Plan (RF-NDP 2023-2028), supporting the advancement of youth empowerment in the areas of sport, employment, entrepreneurship and socioeconomic development among others key priorities.

Speaking at the validation workshop, the Minister of Youth and Sports, Hon. Bakary Y. Badjie emphasized the importance of this document, and encouraged attendees participation throughout the validation process. He further expressed gratitude to UNFPA for the financial and technical support in the development of the strategic plan and legal framework. He highlighted the validation workshop’s critical role in refining the plan to ensure its quality, relevance, and practicality. He added that the workshop would provide a platform for stakeholders to critically review and incorporate relevant inputs to ensure successful implementation of the strategic plan.

Ms. Ndeye Rose Sarr, UNFPA The Gambia Country Representative, noted that the UNFPA The Gambia support for the development of the plan is a testament to their commitment to the empowerment and development of the nation’s youth. “Young people are one of the most important constituents of The Gambia’s population, with 60% being below 25 years of age,”. Ms. Sarr emphasized  UNFPA’s focus on youth issues, highlighting that the strategic plan addresses key areas such as education, employment, and entrepreneurship, which are crucial to youth development. The plan also acknowledges the role of sports in promoting physical and mental well-being, discipline, and teamwork amongst the population.

Background of the New Strategic Plan

The Strategic Plan underscores the importance of inclusivity and recognizes the unique challenges faced by vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities and young women. It proposes targeted interventions to ensure all young Gambians have equal opportunities to reach their full potential. The plan also addresses critical issues such as youth peace and security, social cohesion, the fight against drugs and crime, and the ongoing challenge of youth irregular migration. With the collaborative efforts of all stakeholders, including government institutions, civil society organizations, the private sector, and international partners, it is poised to lead the way toward a brighter future for The Gambia’s youth.

The Ministry and stakeholders aim to create, through this plan, an environment where young people can thrive, contribute meaningfully to society, and ultimately play a critical role in building a sustainable and inclusive Gambia.

Harnessing Gambia’s Potential: A Call to Business Owners to Drive Economic Revival

OPINION

By Bakary J. Janneh

Business owners have a responsibility to salvage the country’s food insecurity.
The Gambia yet, despite its fertile lands and rich agricultural heritage, the country grapples with the daunting challenge of soaring living costs, particularly in essentials like rice. As we navigate the tenure of President Adama Barrow, it’s clear that tackling these issues demands a concerted effort beyond government initiatives alone. It beckons the entrepreneurial spirit of our business community to step up and lead the charge towards economic resurgence.

At the forefront of this endeavour lies the imperative for business owners to reevaluate their investment strategies. Instead of perpetuating a reliance on imported goods, which only exacerbates the burden on citizens’ wallets, they must pivot towards domestic production. The solution lies not in the shelves of foreign markets but in the untapped potential of our own soil.

The call to action is simple: invest in agriculture. The Gambia boasts vast expanses of arable land, tailor-made for cultivating staple crops like rice. By redirecting resources towards this sector, business owners can contribute to national food security and alleviate the strain on household budgets. Imagine a Gambia where locally grown rice fills our plates, nourishing both body and economy.

However, this transition requires more than just financial commitment. It demands a fundamental shift in mindset and a return to the drawing board, where the focus shifts from profit margins to societal impact. It’s about recognising the interconnectedness of business success and community prosperity. By prioritizing investment in domestic production, businesses not only safeguard their long-term viability but also sow the seeds of sustainable development for generations to come.

Moreover, this paradigm shift presents a myriad of opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship. From modernizing agricultural practices to establishing value-added processing facilities, there’s ample room for businesses to carve out their niche in the burgeoning agricultural landscape. By harnessing technology and expertise, we can transform the agricultural sector into a dynamic engine of economic growth, creating jobs and fostering resilience in the face of global uncertainties.

Together, we can build a Gambia where prosperity is not a distant dream but a tangible reality for all. To the business owners of The Gambia, the time is now. Embrace the opportunity to be catalysts for change, to transform challenges into triumphs, and to sow the seeds of a more prosperous tomorrow.

Suspect in Sabally murder trial set to take plea on May 13

By Alieu Jallow

Samba Sowe, the first accused in the murder trial of Bakary Sabally, also known as Mamadou, is scheduled to enter a plea on May 13. He appeared before Justice Landing Sanneh at the High Court in Basse on Tuesday, May 7, but the proceedings could not continue due to the lack of legal representation for the accused. This situation arose after Samba Sowe was unable to secure a private lawyer.

Statement of Offence

Samba Sowe on or about the 3rd day of February 2024 in the Upper River Region within the jurisdiction of this court with malice afterthought caused the death of Bakary Sabally and thereby committed an offence.

Samba is the driver who on the 3rd of February 2024 had some misconstruing opinions with the late Bakary Sabally that ended lethal. It was reported that he punched the deceased on the chin and fell on the back of his head leading to his death due to bleeding in his spine.

Samba is charged with a single count of murder contrary to section 187 of the criminal code and punishable under section 188 of the criminal code procedure revised laws of the Gambia 2009.

The case is adjourned to 13th May 2024 for plea-taking.

H.E Dr Fatou Bensouda Graced Oasis Project Fund Raising – Taste of Gambia’s Dinner Raises £5,230 to Build and Equip a New School in the Gambia 

The Oasis Project – The Gambia, a charity initiated by MK businesswoman Chris Hayter, collaborated with The Brasserie at MK College to offer a Gambian-themed meal for forty-two guests on Tuesday, April 30th, 2024. The event raised £5,230 through a silent auction featuring six unique donated items and generous contributions, supporting the launch of a £350,000 capital fund that evening. Surpassing £5,000 has made it possible to construct a fully-equipped canteen for the new Starlight School in Bakau, marking the project’s inaugural initiative.

Honoured guests included the High Commissioner for the Gambia, Dr Fatou Bensouda, and her Counselor Sainey Barrow, The Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire Countess Howe, and the Founder of the charity Chris Hayter who joined the sponsor MHA and MK guests for the fun and lively evening.

Her Excellency Dr Bensouda praised the work of the Oasis Project- the Gambia in her speech, not just for creating and building the Starlight School, but for working on major building projects to improve living conditions and reduce the cases of malaria in the region.

She said, “Charities such as the Oasis Project – The Gambia is vital to the education needs of the region and to hear of the capital fund appeal and a new school to fill the need for more pupils is exceptional for The Gambia. Dr Bensouda praised the voluntary work of the Grand Union Rotary Club in MK who have raised large sums of money and provided volunteers and the philanthropists from the city who have pledged so much support for her country.

Chair of Trustees for the charity Angela Rhodes said, “We are thrilled to have the support of the High Commissioner and honoured guests this evening as we embark on a pivotal stage in our charity development. We secured the land for the new Starlight school with generous donations in particular $5,000 US donated on the night from MDRT, The Million Dollar Round Table group of philanthropists, enabled through long-term supporter Alistair Wallace.

All money raised for the charity in the UK is project managed financially in the UK which provides a secure base encouraging more people to become involved.
Angela said “I am completely humbled by the generosity in the room for this first Capital fund appeal dinner, the total has far exceeded the expectations of the organisers. This is a brilliant start, and we hope to attract more Trustees, with varied skills, which would add to the good governance of the charity and encourage a larger group of volunteers.

Reset password

Enter your email address and we will send you a link to change your password.

Get started with your account

to save your favourite homes and more

Sign up with email

Get started with your account

to save your favourite homes and more

By clicking the «SIGN UP» button you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy
Powered by Estatik