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From Sunny Skies to Diplomatic Fallout: The Sudden Expulsion of A “Lousy” UN Envoy

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By: Bulli Sowe

It was Thursday evening, February 22, 2007, and tensions were running high in Jammeh’s office. In a room filled with high-ranking officials, the draft to expel Zimbabwean national Fadzai Gwaradzimba, then UN Resident Coordinator, was ready for signing. It had been a long day, and the president was not in the best of moods. Earlier that day, Fadzai had criticized Jammeh’s assertion that he could cure AIDS, and he was not pleased. The atmosphere in the room was thick with tension. Jammeh signed the document, and the order was given. Fadzai had to leave the country immediately. The decision was final, and there was no room for negotiation.

Sixteen years have passed since that Thursday evening when Fadzai was expelled from The Gambia, but the echoes of that diplomatic crisis are still felt today. As we look back on the events that unfolded, it’s clear that the decision to expel Fadzai was a ticking time bomb waiting to go off. The fuse was lit, and the explosion that followed was heard around the world. Diplomacy is a delicate balancing act, and one wrong move can cause the whole system to come crashing down like a house of cards. In this case, the cards fell hard, and the fallout was felt across the international community like a thunderbolt from the blue.

It all began when Fadzai Gwaradzimba, a development envoy, dared to criticize Jammeh’s assertion that he could cure AIDS. It was a bold move, one that would set in motion a chain of events that would spark a diplomatic crisis and leave Gwaradzimba forever changed. Behind the scenes, Jammeh was seething with anger, his ego bruised by the envoy’s comments. He felt that his power had been challenged and that he needed to act quickly to reassert his authority. Looking back, it’s easy to see why Jammeh was so defensive. He had been touting his AIDS cure for years, and any criticism of it was seen as a direct attack on his leadership.

The behind-the-scenes activities leading up to the expulsion were both fascinating and troubling. From the humour in Jammeh’s office to the tense mood in the room when the decision was made, it was clear that this was no small matter. Fadzai was not a casual observer, but a highly respected envoy who had crossed a line.

Later that day, Jammeh received a call from a Top UN official who was concerned about the diplomatic fallout from Gwaradzimba’s expulsion. “I’m sorry, but we had to take action,”, Jammeh said, trying to sound diplomatic. “We cannot allow someone to come into our country and criticize our leadership”. The UN official responded with a sigh, “Well, I suppose it’s your country, and you can do what you want with it” Jammeh smirked and whispered, “I knew he wouldn’t put up much of a fight.”

Some have suggested that Jammeh may have been looking for an excuse to expel the envoy, due to her perceived bias against his administration. Others have argued that personal tensions between Jammeh and Gwaradzimba may have also played a role, and that the decision was a result of a clash of personalities. Perhaps, Jammeh saw Gwaradzimba’s criticism as an attack on his authority and power. After all, a leader who cannot command the respect of his people is no leader at all.

As we reflect on this historic event 16 years later, we are left with a sense of awe and respect for the complexities of the diplomatic world, and the role that small incidents can play in shaping the course of history. It is a story that reminds us of the power of words, the importance of empathy, and the need for leaders who are willing to listen and learn.

In Jammeh’s defence, one could argue that he was simply exercising his authority as a leader, and defending his country’s honour in the face of criticism. From his perspective, Gwaradzimba’s comments were not only offensive but also potentially harmful to the reputation of his country. It was his duty as a leader to protect his people, and he felt that the only way to do so was to expel the envoy.

In hindsight, some might argue that Jammeh’s decision was harsh, but at the moment, he might have thought it was the right thing to do. This diplomatic crisis could have been avoided, but sometimes, even the most skilled diplomats fall short, and the consequences can be far-reaching.

As the curtain falls on this historical incident, let us remember the lessons that it teaches us. Let us remember that words have power and that diplomacy requires tact and sensitivity. But let us also remember that sometimes, leaders must take bold action in the face of adversity. In the end, it is the interplay between these two forces – freedom and order – that shape the course of history.

In the end, both Gwaradzimba and Jammeh were motivated by a desire to do what they believed was right. While their actions may have been at odds, we should not demonize either one. Instead, we should recognize the complexities of diplomacy and the difficult choices that leaders must make.

SATIRE: From Gucci to Tappa Lappa: How The Gambia’s Economy is Humbling Its Slay Queens

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By: Satirist X

According to the Gambia Slay Queens Association (SQA), the recent economic downturn is a direct attack on their way of life. They claim that without the ability to purchase designer clothing and expensive beauty treatments, they are being denied their basic human rights. They have even taken to the streets to protest, holding signs that read _”Money can’t buy happiness, but it can buy Gucci” and “Don’t take away our weaves, take away the corrupt politicians! “After all, as the saying goes, _”you can’t slay all day if you don’t have the pay!_”.

As the economy in The Gambia continues to struggle, the slay queens are slowly starting to realize that they need to adapt to survive. It seems that the days of living large and in charge are over, at least for now. With the cost of living rising and the economy in shambles, Gambian slay queens are now forced to make some tough choices. Instead of indulging in their usual fast-food cravings of shawarma and pizza, they’re now settling for locally baked “Tappa Lappa” bread. While it may not be as glamorous, they’ve found creative ways to make it work.

Some are adding fancy spreads like hummus and avocado, while others are simply slathering on a thick layer of Nutella and calling it a day. Who knows, maybe “Tappa Lappa” bread will become the new must-have accessory for slay queens everywhere. After all, it’s all about the bread, no matter the name!

Gone are the days when they could strut around town in designer clothes and expensive weaves. Now they’re forced to shop at the local markets and bargain for knockoff items that hardly measure up to their former glamour. And the hookups they used to get with wealthy men are becoming harder to come by as well.

It’s not just the economy that’s to blame, however. The slay queens’ own lifestyle choices have also contributed to their downfall. They spend money on frivolous things like makeup and hair extensions instead of investing in education or starting a business. They also prioritize hooking up with men over building meaningful relationships that could lead to long-term stability.

Despite their struggles, Gambian slay queens are not ones to suffer in silence. They’ve taken to social media to express their discontent, often tagging the ruling party NPP in their posts. They believe that if anyone can understand the importance of a good appearance, it’s the politicians. They’ve even gone as far as to suggest that the NPP should start providing beauty subsidies for struggling slay queens. Who knows, maybe one day we’ll see a campaign promise of “a weave in every household” or “lipstick for all.” But until then, the slay queens will continue to slay on a budget, hoping for a brighter, more glamorous future.

But all hope is not lost. Some slay queens are starting to realize that they need to change their ways if they want to survive in this tough economy. They’re starting to prioritize education and entrepreneurship over material possessions and one-night stands. They’re also learning to budget and save money for the future.

Of course, this shift in priorities is not easy. It requires a complete change of mindset, and it means giving up the lavish lifestyle that these women have become accustomed to. But if they can make the necessary changes, they can still thrive and succeed in a world that’s becoming increasingly difficult for those who are only concerned with superficial appearances.

In the end, the lesson for Gambian slay queens is clear: if you want to stay ahead in life, you have to be willing to adapt to changing circumstances. And who knows, maybe one day they’ll look back on this period and laugh at how they once thought that material possessions and fleeting hookups were the keys to success. But who knows, maybe one day the slay queens will rise again, stronger and more resilient than ever before.

Black History Month: The Poet, a Gambian descent, who met George Washington in 1776

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By: Bully Sowe

If Gambians ever heard her name, Phillis Wheatley would be remembered as one of their descendent. This remarkable woman, born in present-day Gambia, overcame unimaginable odds to become one of the most celebrated poets and writers of her time. Her life story is a testament to the resilience and strength of the human spirit, and her work continues to inspire and uplift people all over the world. Phillis was a Fulani girl, the daughter of a herbalist and peasant, and she was sold into slavery at a young age. Despite the horrors of captivity, she never lost her love for language and learning. She taught herself to read and write in English, and she became an accomplished writer and thinker.

Phillis Wheatley’s life story is a testament to the enduring spirit of resilience and the boundless potential of the human mind. Born in West Africa, present-day Gambia, in 1753, Phillis just like Kunta Kinteh was captured and sold into slavery. She was born into a family of peasants before her capture and enslavement. At a tender age, Phillis who was named after the voyage ship that took her to the Americas, was taken to the ‘New World’ to never return to her homeland.

Her unique background and heritage made her stand out in a sea of enslaved Africans, and it was not long before she attracted the attention of her owners, John and Susanna Wheatley. They quickly discovered her incredible intellect and love for learning, and they began to educate her in earnest.

One of her most famous poems was “On Being Brought from the land of Gambia to America,” in which she celebrated the beauty of her homeland and lamented the cruelty of slavery. She wrote,
_”Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,/
May be refin’d, and join th’ angelic train
_Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land’’_.

Her work was celebrated in her time, and she was recognized as one of the most important literary figures of the day. Phillis was a quick learner, and she soon became fluent in English. She was also an avid reader and devoured every book she could get her hands on. Incredibly, she began writing poetry at the age of 13, and her work soon attracted the attention of the Boston elite. Her first published poem, “On Messrs. Hussey and Coffin,” appeared in a local newspaper in 1767, and her work continued to be published throughout her life.

Despite her success as a writer, Phillis was never fully accepted by the Boston elite. She was a Black woman in a world dominated by white men, and her status as an enslaved person further compounded her marginalization. However, she refused to be silenced, and she continued to write and publish, becoming one of the most celebrated poets of her time.

Phillis Wheatley’s literary prowess earned her the recognition of influential figures such as George Washington, who praised her work and invited her to meet with him at his headquarters in Cambridge in 1776. Wheatley presented Washington with a poem that honoured him and his leadership during the Revolutionary War. This encounter cemented Wheatley’s status as a respected writer and earned her a place in American history.

Phillis’ work often dealt with themes of freedom and the beauty of her homeland. In her poem, “On Being Brought from Africa to America,” she wrote, “Some view our sable race with scornful eye, / “Their colour is a diabolic die.” / Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain, /May be refin’d, and join th’ angelic train.”

Phillis’ unique background as a slave, black woman and her Gambian heritage also shone through her work. She was deeply connected to her homeland and her people, and her poetry was infused with a deep love and respect for her African roots.

Phillis Wheatley’s life and work continue to inspire and uplift people all over the world. Her legacy is a testament to the resilience and strength of Black people, and her work is a reminder that greatness knows no bounds. Her story is one of triumph over adversity, and her poetry is a testament to the power of the human spirit.

After her death, Wheatley was buried in an unmarked grave, but in 1838 a group of abolitionists raised funds to create a memorial for her in the Granary Burying Ground in Boston, where she was buried. The memorial recognizes Wheatley’s remarkable achievements and serves as a reminder of the contributions of Black women to American literature and history. Her life and legacy are a reminder that greatness can come from the most unexpected places, and that even in the darkest of times, there is always hope.

The story of Phillis Wheatley is also a poignant reminder of the cruelty of slavery and its devastating impact on African families and communities. A young girl torn from her homeland, forced to endure the horrors of the Middle Passage, and sold into slavery in a foreign land, Wheatley’s story is a testament to the resilience and strength of the human spirit. Her life is a reminder that our destiny is often shaped by forces beyond our control, and that the evil of slavery continues to reverberate through the generations.

The pain and suffering inflicted on Wheatley and countless others is a tragedy that can bring tears to the eyes of even the most stoic of observers. But in Wheatley’s case, her remarkable talent and indomitable spirit allowed her to rise above the horrors of slavery and leave an enduring legacy as a writer and a symbol of hope and inspiration for generations to come.

Wheatley’s story highlights the ongoing struggle for racial justice and equality, as her achievements were made possible only through the hard work and advocacy of abolitionists and others who fought against slavery and racism. By recognizing the legacy of individuals like Phillis Wheatley, we can honour their contributions and continue to strive towards a more just and equitable society for all.

Mother Pleads for urgent support as 1-year-old daughter diagnosed with heart failure

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By: Dawda Baldeh

Abbie Saidy, 33, and mother of a 1-year-old baby girl who is diagnosed with heart failure, is seeking urgent support to facilitate the treatment of her daughter.

Childbirth is one of the invaluable human experiences and is associated with parental happiness. However, when a child is born with congenital heart disease, it creates emotional and mental distress for the parents.

Abbie was told that her 1-year-old daughter has heart failure, a message that brought her to tears.

A medical report from the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital (EFSTH) confirms that the baby is diagnosed with heart failure and that she needs urgent treatment for her to survive.

“I was told at the Medical Research Council (MRC) hospital a few weeks ago that my daughter is having heart failure. At that time, I shed tears because it is a terrifying condition.

“We are currently admitted at Banjul hospital and my daughter is battling with a life-threatening disease. She is 1 year old now but still, she looks like a few months baby,” Abbie narrated in tears.

Abbie added that she and her husband have taken their daughter to several hospitals for treatment, but it all turned futile as the cost of her treatment is way beyond their earning.

“I am appealing to everyone who can help my baby to survive because we are renting, and we don’t have anything to pay for her medical bill.

“I want her to recover from this disease so that I can also feel the joy of being a mother.

“She cannot breathe effectively and look at her with the condition is terrifying as a mother,” she added.

Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. It’s a life-threatening disease that a human being can be diagnosed with it is a serious long-term condition that will usually continue to slowly worsen over time.

Although it is a serious condition that progressively gets worse over time, certain cases can be reversed with treatment according to health experts. For anyone who wants to support Abbie to save her baby’s life could contact her at +2207277371 or +2203341268.

Tapalapa: The Gambian Bread that may control weight Loss

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By Prof. Raphael Nyarkotey Obu

The writer

Tapalapa- The Gambian Bread

When I arrived in the Gambia, Tapalapa was one bread that I found is highly consumed. I always wonder why it is most preferred in the Gambia. This ignorance is expected due to my perception concerning some white bread in my home country which lacks fibre. I often assumed the Gambian bread is akin to this plain white bread I know. But I found that this Gambian bread has a different nutritional outlook.

Tapalapa is a traditional Gambian bread that is also very popular in Guinea and Senegal. What struck me to write this article is that I found that it is made with a mixture of millet and wheat flour with the addition of maize flour, cowpea flour, yeast, salt, and water. Visually, it looks somewhat similar to the French baguette on the exterior, but on the inside, it is much dense and heavy, and its flavour is reminiscent of pretzels. It can be eaten with beans, acara, etc. The bread is typically bought for breakfast, and people like to pair it with jam, butter, or eggs. I found that Gambians eat rich.  I believe that Gambia is so blessed with rich local foods that could be promoted on the international front to generate income to boast their economy.

Tapalapa infused with beans

In this article, I examine the science behind the ingredients of Tapalapa: a mixture of wheat and millet flour, to which is added maize flour, as well as cowpea (niébé) flour. Cowpea flour is really what gives this bread the very unique taste and texture. Besides, millet and maize have been proven in scientific research to support our health. Just imagine eating all these combinations in one meal.

Cowpea (Black-eyed Pea)

Black-eyed Pea: Nutritional Facts

Two studies (Deusdélia et al. 2008; Urano et al. 2012) found that black-eyed peas contain proteins, vitamins and minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc, although their nutritional value is usually reduced by the presence of antinutritional factors such as phytates, fibres, lectinspolyphenols and tannins that affect minerals’ bioavailability.

Black Eyed Peas, Science

Weight loss

Black-eyed peas are loaded with protein and soluble fibre, which means eating tapalapa supports weight loss.  Two studies (Bloom et al.2006; Lomenick et al.2009) found that the Protein in black-eyed peas reduces levels of ghrelin, a hormone that’s responsible for stimulating feelings of hunger.

On the other hand, as a soluble fibre, Lattimer and Haub’s (2010) study found that this fibre is a type of fibre that forms a gel-like consistency and goes into your digestive tract slowly to make you full. This account for why most people like eating tapalapa to keep them for the day. Eating beans, therefore, helps to manage your weight.

For instance, one large study in 1,475 people, by Papanikolaou and Fulgoni (2008) found that people who ate beans frequently had a 23% lower risk of increased belly fat and a 22% lower risk of obesity, compared with non-consumers.

Another, Kim et al. (2016) review of 21 studies found that consuming black-eyed peas, in your diet could be an effective weight loss strategy and may help reduce body fat percentage.

Digestive Health

As a soluble fibre food, black-eyed peas support digestive health. Interestingly, one meta-analysis by Yang et al. (2012) demonstrates that when we eat more black-eyed peas, the soluble fibre can help promote regularity and increase stool frequency in those with constipation.

Anderson et al. (2009) also found that the fibre in black-eyed peas may avert digestive disorders, such as acid reflux, haemorrhoids, and stomach ulcers. Another good news is that one study by Carlson et al. (2019) found that the soluble fibre found in black-eyed peas and other plants can also act as a prebiotic, which helps the growth of the beneficial bacteria in our gut to help foster a healthy microbiome.

Heart Health

Eating black-eyed peas also reduces your risk of heart disease. Bazzano et al. (2009) review of 10 studies, found that frequent eating of legumes was linked to lower levels of total and LDL (bad) cholesterol, these two could add to heart disease.

Alizadeh et al. (2014) study on 42 women found that when we eat a low-calorie diet enriched with 1 cup of legumes per day for 6 weeks drastically decreased waist circumference and triglyceride and blood pressure levels, juxtaposed with a control group. Three studies (Esmaillzadeh and Azadbakht, 2012; Hosseinpour-Niazi et al. 2015; Golia et al. 2014) found that frequent consumption of legumes is linked to lower markers of inflammation, and therefore reduces your risk of heart disease.

Millet in Tapalapa

 Nutritional Composition

Sarita, E (2016) study found that as pertains to most cereals, millet is a starchy grain — meaning that it’s rich in carbs. Additionally, millet is loaded with several vitamins and minerals.

According to the US Department of Agriculture, one cup (174 grams) of cooked millet packs has the following:

  • Calories: 207
  • Carbs: 41 grams
  • Fiber: 2.2 grams
  • Protein: 6 grams
  • Fat: 1.7 grams
  • Phosphorus: 25% of the Daily Value (DV)
  • Magnesium: 19% of the DV
  • Folate: 8% of the DV
  • Iron: 6% of the DV

Also, three studies (Singh, 2,016; Dias-Martins et al.2018; Wu, 2009) found that millet gives more essential amino acids as compared to other cereals and they are the building blocks of protein.

Millet, Science

Antioxidants Loaded

Six studies (Devi et al. 2016; Kumari et al. 2017; Pizino et al. 2017; Xiang et al. 2019; Chandrasekara and Shahidi, 2010) confirmed that millet is loaded with phenolic compounds, specifically ferulic acid and catechins.  They work as antioxidants to guard the body against harmful oxidative stress.

Other studies in mice (Zduńska et al. 2017 Liu et al. 2017) correlate ferulic acid to fast wound healing, skin protection, and anti-inflammatory properties.  It has been established that these catechins bind to heavy metals, and avert poisoning our bloodstream (Chandrasekara and Shahidi, 2010; Bernatoniene and  Kopustinskiene, 2018).

 Control blood sugar levels

Two studies (Devi et al. 2016; Kam et al.2016) found that millet is loaded with fibre and non-starchy polysaccharides, two types of undigestible carbs that are likely to control blood sugar levels.

Another newsworthy is that two studies for instance (Dias-Martins et al. 2018; Narayanan et al. 2016) found that millet is capable of controlling blood sugar due to its low glycemic index (GI), which means that when you eat a millet diet, there is no worry of blood sugar rising. Hence, diabetics can eat a millet- diet once the other combined ingredients are diabetes-friendly.

Lower cholesterol

Devi et al. (2016) study found that millet is loaded with soluble fibre, and this in turn produces a sticky material in the gut.  This helps bind fats and lowered cholesterol levels. This was confirmed in one rat study by Lee et al. (2010) which states that rats fed foxtail and proso millet triglyceride levels decreased drastically juxtaposed with the control group.

Also, millet protein could lower cholesterol. This was also demonstrated in one mice study by Nishizawa et al. (2009) with type 2 diabetes. The mice were fed a high-fat diet with millet protein concentrate.  Their result found a decrease in triglyceride levels and a drastic improvement in adiponectin and HDL (good) cholesterol levels, juxtaposed with the control group.

Millet, gluten-free diet

Three studies (Dias-Martins et al. 2018; Devi et al. 2014; Niro et al. 2019) confirmed that millet is a gluten-free grain, hence, it is a good option for those with celiac disease or those following a gluten-free diet.

Gurja et al. (2012) found that gluten is a protein that is found naturally in grains like wheat, barley, and rye. However, those with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity must stay away as it causes harmful digestive symptoms, such as diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption.  Hence, it is advisable that in purchasing millet read the product label and search for those certified gluten-free.

 Maize in Tapalapa

One large ear (about 118 grams) of boiled sweet yellow corn contains roughly:

  • 127 calories
  • 29.6 grams of carbohydrates
  • 3.9 grams of protein
  • 1.5 grams of fat
  • 3.3 grams of fibre
  • 0.3 milligrams thiamine (17 percent Daily Value (DV)
  • 54.3 micrograms folate (14 per cent DV)
  • 7.3 milligrams of vitamin C (12 per cent DV)
  • 1.9 milligrams of niacin (10 per cent DV)
  • 1 milligram pantothenic acid (10 per cent DV)
  • 88.5 milligrams of phosphorus (9 per cent DV)
  • 0.2 milligrams manganese (9 per cent DV)
  • 30.7 milligrams magnesium (8 per cent DV)
  • 250 milligrams of potassium (7 per cent DV)
  • 310 international units of vitamin A (6 per cent DV)
  • 0.1 milligrams riboflavin (5 per cent DV)
  • 0.7 milligrams of zinc (5 per cent DV)
  • 0.1 milligrams of vitamin B6 (4 per cent DV)
  • 0.5 milligrams of iron (3 per cent DV)
  • 0.1 milligrams copper (3 per cent DV)

Also, one large contains some vitamin E, vitamin K, choline, calcium, selenium, omega-3, and omega-6.

Corn-related diets Linked to Longevity and Overall Health

You could be prolonging your longevity by eating tapalapa. Today, levels of obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance are high among Africans. Finding solutions to the raising causes of hypertension and diabetes appears to be in our kitchen.  For instance, one study by Kwon et al. (2007) found that changes in dietary patterns of these populations toward consuming more high-calorie foods, sugar, refined grain flour, and sweetened beverages have resulted in far more health risks than their previous diet based primarily on corn, legumes, rice, and vegetables. This means that to avert the rising cases of hypertension and others, we have to shift from the reliance on the western diet and adopt our traditional diet made from corn related. The researchers believe that a return to traditional dietary patterns can help reduce these disease problems because of a better balance of calories and beneficial nutrients. They note that staple crops like corn and legumes have antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-hypertension potential. These foods also provide certain protective phenolic phytochemicals that are beneficial for heart health, reversing hypertension as a natural remedy for high blood pressure, and controlling blood sugar levels.

Eye Health

Three studies (Abdel-Aal et al. 2013; Moeller et al. 2000; Carpentier et al. 2009) found that dietary consumption of antioxidants, especially carotenoids like zeaxanthin and lutein, could boost eye health.

Three studies (Kean et al. 2008; Hu et al. 2011; Maiani et al. 2009) found that Lutein and zeaxanthin are the major carotenoids in corn, which are linked up to about 70% of the total carotenoid content. Though, their levels are low in white corn. The coloured corn is ideal for those with eye problems and looking for eye-health foods.

Corn, weight

Levy, J (2019) article explained that based on what we see from populations who eat a lot of unprocessed corn, it shouldn’t.  corn is low in calories and provides nutrients. A large ear only has about 127 calories, making it a reasonable addition to a healthy meal. She added: “In fact, this is less than most grains and is roughly equivalent to eating a nutritious banana, except the corn has much less sugar and more protein and fibre.

Corn, diabetes

One study by Tay et al (2015) found that low-carb diets are more effective at managing diabetes.  The study used 115 adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes and found that eating a diet with only 14% of calories coming from carbs resulted in more stable blood sugars and a reduced medication need compared to getting 53% of the daily calories from carbs.  Levy, J (2019) asserts that eating fewer other corn products, especially high-fructose corn syrup, may help prevent diabetes. For instance, one study by Goran et al. (2013) found that the prevalence of diabetes was 20% higher in countries with easier access to high-fructose corn syrup, compared to areas where the syrup was not readily available.

Take Home

It is interesting to see the numerous benefits of eating locally produced foods as Africans. I think it is time Gambians promote their locally-made recipes to generate foreign exchange.

NB:

Prof. Nyarkotey has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations to justify his write-ups.  My articles are for educational purposes and do not serve as Medical advice for Treatment. I aim to educate the public about evidence-based scientific Naturopathic Therapies.

The writer is a Professor of Naturopathic Healthcare, a Medical Journalist, and a science writer. President, Nyarkotey University College of Holistic Medicine & Technology (NUCHMT)/African Naturopathic Foundation, Ashaiman, Ghana. Currently BL Candidate at the Gambia Law School, Banjul. E. mail: [email protected]. + 2207452652(for more information)

Jawara and Independence

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By: Cherno Baba Jallow

With countries such as Tunisia, Morocco, Ghana, Guinea gaining autonomy from colonial rule in the 1950s, demands for Independence in Africa began to take on a more widespread, ardent tone. By 1960 and the year after, all but Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau and The Gambia had gotten full Independence in the West African sub-region. Countries arrived at different Independence dates partly because of the different constitutional routes taken and partly because of the personalities and events that combined to either delay or hasten the collapse of colonial rule. But in Africa, the drumbeat for Independence had reached a crescendo in the 1960s. The ramparts of colonialism were being dismantled and carted away. In several swathes of the continent, countries were being born anew. Then-British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan would warn his fellow countrymen about the ‘wind of change’ sweeping through the African continent.

Yet the domino effect of Independence would take a tad longer before materializing in The Gambia. With fellow English-speaking countries in West Africa all winning independence, The Gambia became the last one standing. Perhaps, it was the quirk of fate. Or perhaps, the hurdles were steeper to climb, and hence, the belated arrival of Independence. Nonetheless, it is apt to conclude that as external realities closed in on and motivated them, the Gambian nationalists became more ambitious for theirs to also join the list of the newly-minted Independent countries. But how much urgency was there? Better yet, how did former President Sir Dawda Jawara tackle the Independence issue?

In writing about his strive for Gambian Independence in his autobiographical book Kairaba, Jawara paints the picture of a man conscious of the enormity of the task at hand but also possessed of the understanding that persistence and pragmatism needed working side by side. The narrative in the book’s chapter on Independence unmasks a consummate, dogged negotiator in Jawara. Early on, he had to fend off doubts about the framework for The Gambia’s march towards Independence from some of his fellow compatriots. In 1962, Jawara became Prime Minster; and subsequently, the colonial government would begin the process of self-rule for The Gambia. But Governor Paul had stipulated that responsibilities for defence and internal security would still remain under the purview of the colonial government until the attainment of Independence. This demand frightened off some members of the Gambian opposition. They were leery of the colonial government’s plans for the country’s future.

“The leader of the DCA the Rev J C Faye,” writes Jawara, “addressed long written treatises to me on 9 July 1963 on his fear and according to him that of the backbenchers in the House that ‘self-government’ was the colonialists’ tactic to delay independence. I wrote back to say that I did not perceive that difference in the attitude in the House and that there was really nothing to fear. Self-government, I assured the Rev Faye, was a sign that the colonial government would take us a step further towards independence.”

Jawara would not raise the DCA’s queries with the colonial governor. He instead held back, vowing to honour and work through the governor’s advice to keep his plans about independence confidential until London came around the idea. Jawara was being introspective, taking stock of the nascent trend lines pointing towards his ultimate goal – full Independence. He saw ‘self-rule’ as a starting point. He was happy to take and work through it, knowing it would eventually spell the death knell of colonialism in The Gambia. But others like opposition leader P S Njie were not so convinced. They were sceptical. “In the background, PS Njie … was deliberately absenting himself from meetings of the Legislative Council that addressed anything that sounded like internal self-government. I was however determined to see to it that such a momentous advance in the life of our country should be one achieved by a general consensus. Accordingly, I sent letters to the leader of the opposition inviting him to form with us a common front to consider the draft instruments for a proposed Order-in-Council to be presented to Her Majesty’s Government. P S Njie, for reasons best known to him, refused outright to be part of that consultation.”

Mr. Njie’s call for general elections before the attainment of ‘internal self-rule’ didn’t register well with Jawara. A meeting with the opposition was called but the United Party was no show. Its deputy leader E D Njie had cited his brother’s absence (he was on a London visit) for his party’s failure to attend the meeting. Jawara detected some delaying tactics on the part of the opposition. “We also asked them to indicate whether or not they agreed that the multi-party consultations should take place. We could see that it had nothing to do with his brother’s absence. It was their party’s policy not to talk about independence under the aegis of the PPP government.”

On October 4, 1963, The Gambia received self-rule status. “It was the first indication to the Gambian people that we were indeed on our way to fulfilling the promise of self-determination. We declared the day a public holiday. I addressed the nation on Radio Gambia and took the salute at a march past of uniformed and voluntary units in front of the Government Wharf in Wellington Street.”

For the next two years, Jawara would engage in more negotiations with the colonialists to grant full Independence to The Gambia. It would take additional trips to the United Kingdom before the process of Independence began in earnest. At the July 30 session of the 1964 London meeting, the Secretary of State for the Colonies Duncan Sundays hinted to Jawara and his fellow Gambian delegates that he had some big news to deliver to them. “The Rt Hon Duncan Sundays was in the chair. He said he had an announcement to make before the end of the conference. The United Kingdom was going to grant Independence to The Gambia. It was however sad, as I recall, that on the side of the opposition, only I M Garba Jahumpa remained in session there to hear such a historic announcement. Where were the others? They had obviously betaken themselves to other pursuits around London.”

Independence would finally arrive on February 18, 1965. And euphoria swept the young nation. “At a solemn ceremony in MacCarthy Square, in the early hours of a chilly and dew-drenched morning … the final curtain on the colonial era fell with the lowering of the British Union Jack for the last time. In its place was unfurled the red, blue, green and white colours of the Gambian flag. That momentous occasion was the final act closing more than three hundred years of our colonial experience. It was a moment, a moment I would cherish forever.”

In Jawara’s retelling of events leading to Independence, it becomes obvious, again and again, how he tackled the thorny issue of Independence: he was a consensus-builder, guided by open-mindedness and with an eye towards the inevitable. Pragmatism, more than anything else, helps describe the way Jawara comported himself during all those tricky talks about Independence. He was never confrontational; that’s not his way, and he didn’t need to be. The etiquette of the negotiations and the ‘tranquillity of the times did not require it. Jawara only needed to be patient and intuitive, be a good discerner of the undercurrents and the glacial movement of events. This is not to say that Jawara merely reacted to rather than shaped, the events leading to Gambian Independence. He was influenced by as much as he influenced them. He just knew history was on his side. It was only a matter of time before Gambian Independence arrived.

A, B, C, Darboe Just Doesn’t Get It: A Commission is a Commission, Period.

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Why did Lawyer Ousainou Darboe refuse to become a novelist? Because he’s already a master of fiction, creating his own tales to suit his political agenda. In a political climate where loyalty is king, it’s not uncommon for those who fall from grace to try and claw their way back to power. Lawyer Ousainou Darboe is no exception, and he’s recently shown his true colours in a series of attacks on President Barrow’s decision to investigate local government councils.

But as the saying goes, “the leopard cannot change its spots,” and it’s time to call out Darboe’s double standard. In this op-ed, we’ll delve into the facts and set the record straight, exposing the truth behind Darboe’s accusations.

Lawyer Ousainou Darboe’s recent criticism of President Barrow’s decision to investigate local government councils is nothing short of hypocritical. As the former Foreign Minister in the transitional government and later Vice President was the brainchild behind a good number of similar commissions, such as the Janneh Commission and TRRC. Yet, he has now lost his moral compass, launching an attack on the President’s motives by accusing him of playing politics ahead of the upcoming local government elections, where Darboe’s party, the UDP, is set to go head-to-head with the ruling NPP. But this accusation couldn’t be further from the truth.

President Barrow’s decision to hold the local government councils accountable is a step in the right direction. Corruption is a cancer that erodes the fabric of society and undermines democracy. It is not something that should be overlooked or swept under the rug, especially during an election year. It is Darboe who has “burnt his bridges” and is now trying to discredit the President’s motives, engaging in “sour grapes” and “crying over spilt milk.”

Darboe’s criticism is particularly ironic, given that his party is set to retain two of the largest municipal council seats of Banjul and Kanifing. He has no right to accuse the President of playing politics, when it is he who is benefiting from the current status quo. He has “taken the wind out of his own sails” by criticizing the very thing he was once an architect of similar commissions in the early days of the transition.

The president’s decision to investigate the local governments is a deft and sagacious move and I must say that Mr. Darboe’s remarks are nothing but a cacophonous display of political standing.
Instead of attacking the president’s motives, Darboe should be supporting this effort, and working to ensure that the local government councils are held to account for their actions.

In conclusion, the president’s decision to investigate local government councils is a step in the right direction. It is time to crack down on corruption, regardless of the timing. Darboe’s recent criticism is nothing more than a “red herring,” designed to distract attention away from his own party’s shortcomings.

~ Concern Citizen

Gambia at 58: It Is Still A Peaceful Country

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By: Cherno Baba Jallow

At Independence In 1965, they called The Gambia an “improbable nation” because they weren’t sure she could survive on her own — too small, too young. But survive she did, and has been ever since.

It is always a good feeling knowing you have a homeland you could call your own. More than that, a homeland you live peacefully in. The Gambia has persevered in peace and stability. Many countries in the subregion have gone through internal upheavals blowing up their territorial sovereignties and social order, pillaging their infrastructure and uprooting their people.

Their people: they became refugees and stateless across International boundaries. I met with Sierra Leoneans, Liberians, Iraqis and others displaced from their own countries because of bad leadership and internal strife. They had lost hope in their countries. ‘‘I am not returning home; I am staying here,’’ a common theme ran through my interactions with these nationalities.

I knew I was an exile in America and couldn’t visit home. From 1996 to 2017, I couldn’t visit The Gambia because of the fear of one man: Yahya Jammeh, a vicious trampler of human rights and murderer of his own people. It is a terrible feeling knowing you are a wanted man in your own native land, and therefore, can’t visit and see your people. But then I always said to myself, ‘you will go home someday as long as the country remains intact and doesn’t plunge into a civil war.’

The Gambia came to the brink of a national crisis. The drums of war could be heard from the distant horizons. The tell-tale signs were there. If Jammeh had won in 2016, it would have triggered a seething cauldron of political despair, and before long, a march to debacle.

But sanity prevailed. Gambians, still availed of the peaceful routes to leadership change, finally summoned the courage to kick out their oppressive dictator. And the international community finally listened to our cries and came to our defence.

Independence Day celebrations aren’t just about a cheerful throwback to the past, when colonies broke free from the strangleholds of their mother countries, when the umbilical cords of colonialism finally got severed and buried by the shovelful. These celebrations are also about national progress, about how much nations have done to advance the public good for their citizenries and about how much these nations have done to right their past wrongs and change course for the better.

In 2016, Gambians restored democracy and constitutional order. And they didn’t resort to violent means. They did it peacefully. This is first-rate political maturity. On any day, and certainly, on one like today’s, Gambians should remember their ingenuity in removing their dictator without having to kill each other and cause undue destruction. They still kept their country intact.

Behind the Scenes: Uncovering the Mysteries of Gambia’s Independence Eve

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By: Bulli Sowe

As the sun began to set on February 17th, 1965, a palpable sense of excitement filled the air in the Gambia. The small West African nation was on the brink of making history, as it prepared to celebrate its first-ever Independence Day. Flags and banners adorned the streets of the capital city, Banjul, as musicians and cultural troops practised their performances for the coming festivities. But as the crowds gathered and the anticipation mounted, few knew the true story of what was happening behind the scenes.

In the halls of power, former premier Dawda Kairaba Jawara and his team of advisors were working tirelessly to ensure that the coming day would be a success. They knew that the road to independence had not been an easy one, and that there were still challenges to come. For on that night, the Gambia was not just celebrating its independence from colonial rule, but also the tireless work of its leaders and people. And as the clock struck midnight and a new day dawned, the Gambia was ready to take its place on the world stage, thanks to the dedication and hard work of those who had toiled behind the scenes

As the eve of the Gambia’s independence anniversary approached, there was an air of excitement in the country. The people of the Gambia were looking forward to the dawn of a new era, and they were eagerly anticipating the festivities that would take place the next day.

It was a night to remember, the eve of the Gambia’s independence anniversary. The former premier, DK Jawara, was busy preparing for the big day, and the atmosphere was electric. He had been working tirelessly for months, negotiating with other members who were part of the negotiations in 1964, to ensure a smooth transition to independence.

But behind the scenes, there was a flurry of activity that few knew about. Former premier, Dawda Kairaba Jawara, was in his office, making final preparations for the big day. He was putting the finishing touches on his speech, which he would deliver the following day. DK was surrounded by his closest advisors, including members of the negotiating team that had secured the country’s independence from British rule just a few months earlier. Some of the dignitaries who were part of the negotiations for independence in July 1964 included Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, Dr. Lamin Saho, Sheriff Mustapha Dibba, Alhaji Sir Farimang Mamadi Singateh, and the late H.E. Momodou Garba Jahumpa. They were excited to see the culmination of their efforts but were also feeling a sense of responsibility for the future of their newly independent country. They knew that the hard work was just beginning, and they were determined to make sure that the Gambia would prosper and thrive.

Meanwhile, the city was being adorned with the colours of the Gambian flag. Everywhere you looked, there were green, red, and blue decorations, with the white star in the middle. The flag, which had been designed by an accountant Louis Thomasi, had quickly become a symbol of hope for the people of the Gambia. There was a sense of optimism and hope for the future, as the country looked forward to the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead.

As night fell, the city was awash with the sounds of local cultural groups, who had come together to celebrate the eve of independence. They were singing and dancing, dressed in colourful traditional attire, creating a vibrant and lively atmosphere.
The weather that night was perfect, with clear skies and a gentle breeze blowing in from the Atlantic. The ambience was electric, and there was a sense of unity and purpose among the people of the Gambia. As the sun disappeared below the horizon, Jawara looked out the window, lost in thought. He knew that the coming day would be historic, but he was also aware of the challenges that lay ahead. The Gambia was a small nation with big dreams, and the road to independence had not been an easy one.

As the night wore on, the city took on a surreal quality. The moon cast a soft glow over the proceedings, while the distant sound of music filled the air. DK Jawara retired to his residence, where he spent time reflecting on the day’s events and preparing for the following day’s celebrations. He was filled with a sense of pride for what he and the negotiating team had accomplished, but he was also feeling a sense of responsibility for the future of his country.

In other parts of the world, the Duke and Duchess of Kent departed England for the Gambia, they were filled with a sense of excitement and anticipation. They were eager to witness the birth of a new nation and to show their support for the people of the Gambia. Then, the Duke and Duchess of Kent arrived, their flight landing smoothly at the Yundum Airport. They were greeted with a warm welcome by DK Jawara,35 chiefs and other dignitaries who had gathered to receive them. The Duke and Duchess must have been struck by the beauty of the Gambian people and the rich culture that they had the opportunity to witness that night.

The reception was an impressive display of local culture and tradition, as dancers and musicians performed traditional songs and dances. The Duke and Duchess were visibly moved by the warm welcome they received, and they expressed their admiration for the people of the Gambia and their rich culture. They spent the evening meeting with local dignitaries and officials, and they spoke about their hopes and dreams for the future of the Gambia.

The following day, on February 18th, 1965, the Gambia officially became an independent nation. The flag was raised, and the national anthem was sung for the first time. On the day of the independence celebrations, the Duke and Duchess were tasked with presiding over the flag-raising ceremony and delivering speeches to the crowd. As they made their way through the streets of Banjul, they were greeted by an overwhelming display of support and admiration from the people of the Gambia. The air was filled with the sounds of cheers and celebration, as the people of the Gambia proudly waved their new national flag.

As the Duke and Duchess departed the Gambia, they were filled with a sense of pride and accomplishment. They had witnessed the birth of a new nation, and they had played a small but important role in its creation.
DK Jawara delivered a rousing speech, in which he expressed his gratitude to the people of the Gambia and the international community for their support during the struggle for independence. The Gambia had overcome countless obstacles to reach this point, and the people were determined to make the most of their newfound independence.

From the dusty streets of Banjul to the lush countryside, the people of the Gambia were ready to take their place on the world stage.
And as the flag was raised and the national anthem was sung, the world looked on in awe at this small but mighty nation. This is the story of the Gambia’s independence, a tale of hope, perseverance, and the unbreakable spirit of a people.
The Gambia’s independence eve was a time of great excitement, but also one of hard work and dedication. Behind the scenes, a team of dedicated leaders and advisors were working tirelessly to ensure the success of the coming day. And as the sun rose on February 18th, 1965, the Gambia was ready to take its place on the world stage, thanks to the tireless efforts of its people and their leaders.

As we look back on the eve of Gambia’s independence, we are reminded of all those who bore witness to that historic moment, but who are no longer with us to celebrate its 58th anniversary. They were the ones who made the sacrifices, who fought for freedom and who dared to dream of a better future.

Their memories live on in the hearts of the Gambian people, who continue to draw strength from their courage and determination. They remind us that the struggle for independence was not won in a single day, but through years of sacrifice and hard work.
The independence eve serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance, of never giving up in the face of adversity. It shows us that even in the darkest of moments, there is always hope for a brighter tomorrow. And it reminds us to always cherish the freedoms we have, and to never take them for granted.

As we honour the legacy of those who came before us, let us also look to the future with hope and optimism. The Gambia has come a long way since that fateful night, and there is still much work to be done. But with the same spirit of determination and unity that brought about its independence, we can create a brighter, more prosperous future for generations to come.

GAP Calls on Government to Exercise Ethos of Independence 

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“As the country is gearing towards celebrating fifty-eight years of nationhood, the ethos of self-reliant and independent informed people has been bundled away due to the disrespectful attitude of the so-called government that is well-known for strengthening the begging bowl syndrome and lost confidence in people’s voice and power.

As this connotes, we are calling on the government to practice good governance in providing effective service delivery and improve public institutions that fit for purpose. Our independence is meaningless when our government fails to provide basic needs to the citizens; when our hospitals remain death traps, and our daily activities remain under pressure. Our independence is useless when society feels less important, and the schools remain underperformed.

We urge the government to take this opportunity as we mark independence to ensure the word independence comes with vigorous transformation of our nation without serving as second fiddle to other countries for their selfish desire.”

MUSA Ousainou Yali Batchilly
Secretary General and Party Leader of Gambia Action Party.

Explainer: Common electoral offences you should know ahead of local government elections

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Gambians go to the polls to vote for councillors, mayors, and chairpersons on April 15 and May 20, respectively, for the country’s local government elections.

Like other countries, elections in The Gambia are usually tense, with political parties battling to outperform one another. Such competition often results in people unknowingly committing electoral offences.

Thus, DUBAWA shares some common electoral offences punishable under The Gambia’s Election Decree 78 of 1996.

  1. Violation of voters’ secrecy  

According to the constitutional provision, every electoral officer, candidate, agent and authorised person attending a polling station must maintain the anonymity of voters’ decisions.

Subsection (4) Part XV no. 113 of the law notes that a person who contravenes the provision is liable to a fine not exceeding D5,000, imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or both.

  1. Engaging in treating 

Pa Makan Khan, the director of communications of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), described treating as an occurrence in which a person is offered gifts, prices, food, or promises to influence a person’s voting decision.

Part XV no 121. (1) The Gambia constitution notes that a person guilty of treating is liable to a fine not exceeding D25,000 or to imprisonment of a term not exceeding five years or both.

  1. Holding a campaign on a cooling-off day

Any political party or candidate is prohibited from holding campaigns on a cooling-off day.

Pa Makan Khan affirms that any political party or candidate who is found wanting to hold campaigns on a cooling-off day, their party/candidature will be deregistered and be banned from contesting.

  1. Attempting personation 

Personation means to assume another person’s identity with the intent to deceive. It is often used in voter fraud, where an individual votes in an election whilst pretending to be a different elector.

According to part XV No 121 of the constitution, a person guilty of the offence is liable to a fine not exceeding D25,000, five years imprisonment, or both.

  1. Conducting corrupt electoral practices

The term “corrupt practice” is used in section 116. (1) of The Gambia decree. It entails bribery, treating, undue influence, or personation. It also involves aiding or abetting personation.

Anyone guilty of corrupt electoral practices will be convicted of a fine not exceeding D25,000, imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or both.

Other election offences highlighted in the IEC handbook include riding a bicycle within a polling station, drunk voting, and using loudspeakers or loud hailers within a polling station, all of which are punishable.

The researcher produced this fact-check per the DUBAWA 2023 Kwame KariKari Fellowship partnership with (The Fatu Network) Daily Trust to facilitate the ethos of “truth” in journalism and enhance media literacy in the country.

Beleaguered Security: Who is Safe in The Gambia amid Fass Njaga Choi Incident?

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By Musa Touray
Sandu Kuwonku

The security situation in The Gambia is getting traumatic by the day in spite of the laudable efforts of our men and women in uniform. Insecurity, which some say was not a worrisome phenomenon in the past, is taking a scary dimension. That security officials were attacked with one PIU officer severely beaten, the other shot in the hand and one disarmed of his fully loaded rifle by transnational armed delinquents portends a disturbing precarity of our country’s security architecture.

Let’s put aside, in the meantime, the nocuous and far-reaching consequences of fleeing with an unauthorized firearm replete with “30 live rounds of ammunition” and delve into a broader assessment of the whole issue.

Anyone who has read The Alkamba Times’ story about what happened in Fass Njaga Choi in the early hours of Sunday morning will relate what I am trying to put across. The medium broke hair-raising news that an amorphous group of highly armed men “stormed the North Bank settlement of Fass Njaga Choi” and “mercilessly beat up police intervention unit personnel at a checkpoint before seizing his rifle and disappearing into Senegal.” This incident evokes genuine public concerns about the fate of our security. It’s not only a threat to our lives and livelihood but also an impugnation of our sovereignty as a nation.

If it’s established that the armed syndicate consists of Senegalese nationals, as was the case in a similar incident in Farafenni, casual observers would understand it to mean another episode in which our sovereignty as a nation has been undermined. Gambians in Foni, for example, have serially faced the brunt of sporadic geopolitical upheavals occasioned by the longstanding hostility between Senegalese forces and Cassamance secessionist rebels, which often subside in nondiplomatic, nonetheless volatile, Mexican standoffs. This has had egregious impacts on the residents, denying them the placidity of mind that citizens in other parts of the country have enjoyed until recently.

The group’s fleeing the scene with a seized weapon is as worrying as the whole incident. Since it was not reported that the attackers wore uniforms, only God knows what sort of human beings this armed group is composed of. As of now, there is no evidence to infer that it’s a rebellious group. Based on what followed the armed invasion of the village, which include breaking into shops and stealing thousands of dalasi as reported by The Alkamba Times, we will be right to call them armed robbers.

However, this is how most rebel groups around the world started. Fortifying themselves gradually with illegal weapons to launch insurgent offensives on military groups that strike fear in civilians’ hearts. If left unhunted, rebellious movements expand their base and increase their forces through willful recruitment and recruitment at gunpoint of captured, even if unprovoking, civilians.

This calls for immediate and proper reinforcement of our security officers as they strive to ward off aggression and criminality from our shores. This, of course, should be accompanied by incentives.

The Flaws in President Barrow’s State-Owned Enterprises Plan

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In the current state of affairs, it seems that the President of the Republic of Gambia, His Excellency Adama Barrow, has taken the path of grandiloquence, as he advocates for the delivery of mandates by public institutions. However, a closer examination of the situation reveals that his assertions are shrouded in hyperbole and lack substantive evidence to back his claims. This op-ed serves as a harbinger of dissent, a beacon of reason that exposes the flaws in the President’s argument and presents a counter-narrative to the current discourse.

In recent times, there has been a growing trend of African leaders calling for the improvement of public institutions. The Gambian President, Adama Barrow, is one such leader who has made a similar call. While the intention behind such calls is commendable, the reality of the situation is far from simple. In this op-ed, I will be examining the flaws in President Barrow’s plan for state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

First, it is important to note that the problem of ineffectiveness in SOEs is not unique to The Gambia. This is a problem that has plagued African economies for decades. Despite the massive investments made by the government, many SOEs continue to post losses. As a result, it is not enough to simply call for the improvement of these institutions. A more comprehensive approach is needed.

Second, President Barrow’s plan relies heavily on performance contracts. The idea of performance contracts is not new and has been used in various countries with limited success. The reason for this is that performance contracts only work when the underlying issues that are causing poor performance are addressed. In The Gambia, it is not enough to simply sign performance contracts and hope for the best. The root causes of poor performance must be addressed, such as corruption and mismanagement, before performance contracts can have a significant impact.

Third, the focus on SOEs as a solution to the country’s problems is misguided. The Gambian economy is not primarily driven by SOEs. The majority of economic activity takes place in the private sector. By focusing too much on SOEs, the government risks neglecting the private sector, which is the primary engine of economic growth.

Fourth, President Barrow’s plan assumes that the government is capable of effectively overseeing SOEs. However, this is not always the case. In many African countries, the government has limited capacity to effectively regulate and supervise SOEs. This is due to a lack of resources and technical expertise. Without the necessary capacity, the government’s ability to ensure that SOEs are operating in an efficient and effective manner is limited.

Furthermore, the President’s plan lacks the consideration of external factors that can impact the success of the State-Owned Enterprises. For instance, the global economy, political instability, and fluctuations in commodity prices can have significant impacts on their performance. Ignoring these variables will only lead to unrealistic expectations and ultimately disappointment. It is imperative that the government takes a comprehensive approach, factoring in all relevant circumstances, before setting targets and expectations for the SOEs. Failing to do so would be like trying to row a boat upstream without considering the current of the river – a fruitless endeavour.

Finally, the focus on SOEs as a solution to the country’s problems is a form of government intervention that has been discredited in many countries. The experience of many countries, including The Gambia, has shown that government intervention in the economy often leads to inefficiencies, corruption, and mismanagement. This is because the government does not have the same incentives as the private sector. The private sector is driven by the desire for profit, while the government is driven by political considerations.

In conclusion, President Barrow’s plan for SOEs is well-intentioned, but it is flawed. The focus on SOEs as a solution to the country’s problems is misguided, and the reliance on performance contracts is unlikely to have a significant impact. A more comprehensive approach is needed, one that addresses the root causes of poor performance and recognizes the limitations of government intervention.

University of the Gambia Medical Students Association: Health myths/benefits

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Are you Pregnant and experiencing things like:
Tiredness
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Headache or light-headedness
Or even craving/chewing ice, sand etc🤔?

If yes, you are most likely suffering from anaemia in pregnancy.

What is anaemia in pregnancy? This is when you lack sufficient red blood cells to move oxygen throughout your body, which has an impact on your organs and bodily functions, hence the feeling of fatigue and weakness.

Whilst anaemia is a normal state associated with pregnancy, severe forms of it could lead to:
a) sudden birth of babies before nine months
b) babies with low birth weight and,
c) sometimes even maternal death, i.e death of a mother during or after pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a high-demand state, therefore having a good diet before and more so during pregnancy helps in getting a good pregnancy experience for both mother and child, giving birth to healthy babies with good weight and well-developed brains.

Folate and Iron are all you need during pregnancy, and it is no ‘Taboo’.

1. Eat iron-rich foods such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, dried beans, vegetables and fortified grains.
2. Eat foods high in folic acid, such as dried beans, dark green leafy vegetables, orange juice etc 3. Eat foods high in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits like oranges, and mandarin and fresh raw vegetables.
4. And of course, the iron and folic acid supplements are given during antenatal care visits (“nurse”).
Do not disregard those small Red Tablets‼‼‼

Eat for yourself and your baby wisely with nutrient-rich foods but avoid getting fat in the process, as well❗
For more information/queries/comments reach us on [email protected]
Or on +2203777256

Reference
Global Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Comprehensive … – PubMed

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/anemia-and-pregnancy

Why NPP Should Look Beyond Sheriffo Sonko for its BAC Chairman Candidate

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As the old adage goes, “where there’s smoke, there’s fire.” In this op-ed for The Fatu Network, we delve into the political landscape of the Brikama Area Council elections, where Sheriffo Sonko, the current chairman, has thrown his hat in the ring for a re-election bid through the ruling National People’s Party (NPP). And in the case of Sheriffo Sonko, the current chairman of the Brikama Area Council, the smoke of scandal and corruption that has surrounded his first tenure in office is thick enough to choke a horse. As he now sets his sights on a re-election bid through the ruling National People’s Party (NPP), one cannot help but wonder if the party is about to step into a political inferno of its own making by endorsing such a problematic candidate. Will the NPP be lured by Sheriffo’s flimsy promises, or will they choose to distance themselves from the fires of scandal that threaten to engulf his campaign? 

The recent announcement of Sheriffo Sonko’s application for the National People’s Party (NPP) ticket for the upcoming local government elections has left many scratching their heads. The Brikama Area Council Chairman is seeking re-election, but this time through the ruling party, and will face competition from seven other aspirants including Ahmad Gitteh. But the question remains: why should the NPP even consider Sheriffo Sonko as a candidate, let alone pick him to run for the Brikama Area Council Chairmanship?
To begin with, Sheriffo’s past is littered with scandals, ranging from sex tapes to allegations of corruption and mismanagement of funds. In an era where political correctness and integrity are crucial, Sheriffo’s scandals are enough to sink any political career. Choosing him as a candidate would be like a red rag to a bull, giving the opposition United Democratic Party (UDP) all the ammunition they need to discredit and undermine the NPP.

Furthermore, Sheriffo’s performance during his first tenure as BAC Chairman was nothing to write home about. Despite being in office for several years, he failed to improve the condition of the Brikama market, which continues to be in a deplorable state. This, coupled with his scandals, paints a picture of a man who is more interested in personal gain than serving the people of Brikama.

In sharp contrast, other candidates like Brikama’s own son, Canada-based Ahmed Gitteh, would make a much better candidate. Gitteh has zero scandals and is well-acquainted with Brikama’s issues, especially grassroots politics among young people. He has been influential during the 2021 presidential elections and helped re-elect President Adama Barrow under the NPP ticket. These qualities, along with his zero scandals, make him the right choice for the NPP.

In conclusion, Sheriffo Sonko’s aspirations for the Brikama Area Council Chairmanship should be thrown out the window. He is a man with a tarnished image, whose scandals and past performance make him a liability for the NPP. Choosing him as a candidate would be political suicide, and the NPP would be wise to look elsewhere for a candidate who is more in line with the values and aspirations of the people of Brikama. Candidates like Ahmed Gitteh, who have a proven track record of service and integrity, would be a much better choice and would help to restore the NPP’s image as a party that is committed to serving the people of The Gambia.

International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation: Why FGM is not an Islamic practice?

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By: Alieu Fatty; student, International Ahmadiyya University of Theology and Scholastic Sciences in Ghana

It is often the custom of some people that whenever they have a desire to practise anything for personal gains, they obsessively use religion as a scapegoat in filling their vested interest. One such very common and debatable issue is the practice of FGM (Female Genital Mutilation).

The 6th of February every year is commemorated as the International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation around the world. The United Nations declared this day in 2003 as part of its blueprint to bring a total end to the genital mutilation of women and girls across the world and to raise awareness against its practice and dangers.

A few days ago, I read from an online news website in the Gambia that reports that ‘an elderly woman’ was monitored by GAMCOTRAP an anti-FGM campaign group for subjecting some young girls to this barbaric and cruel act around the province of the Gambia in the Central River Region, although, the Constitution of the Gambia outlaws the practice of FGM. However, the Gambia isn’t alone in this evil practice, there are pelting records which indicate its practice in other parts of Africa and the large world. (Blocktvgambia.come/2023/01/30/a-woman-is-under-investigation-for-allegedly-circumcising-girls)

Inherently, what makes this atrocious and ungodly practice seemingly difficult to abolish is the fact that many folks have falsely taken it to be endorsed by religion, more especially, the religion of Islam just to achieve their self-centred goals. Some of its ardent advocates have argued how the practice is important to ensure a woman’s virginity before marriage and is symbolic of a woman’s virtue and dignity.

In the Holy Qur’an, Allah, the Almighty has very beautifully addressed the Muslims that He created wives for men so that they find ‘peace of mind’ together and that ‘He has put love and tenderness’ between spouses. Nothing in this verse gives the understanding that FGM would be necessary or desired, to attain the ideal marital relationship.

So, the truth of the matter remains, as far as Islam is concerned this practice is inhumane, it has no room in Islam and it’s a total violation of the human right of girls and women.

There are no Quranic or Hadith commandments that substantiate the practice of FGM. Any teaching which is against the human right of women and girls can’t be taught by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw). For example, according to a companion of the Holy Prophet (saw), Abu Shuraim Khuwailad ibn Amr Khuzai relates that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: Allah, I declare sinful any failure to safeguard the rights of two weak ones, orphan and women (Nisai). Muhammad Zafrullah Khan, Women in Islam (Tilford, Surrey, UK Islam International Publications Ltd, 2008) P 31.

What is FGM?

FGM “entails all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injuries to the female genital organs for a nonmedical reason”. “Female Genital Mutilation”, World Health Organization, last modified February 2014, http.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/.

The practice of FGM is highly conducted in most African countries, Gambia, Nigeria, Somalia, Ghana, Egypt etc.

An estimated record by WHO states that “between 100 and 400 million women and girls in the world have undergone some form of FGM. Although overall figures are difficult to estimate, they do indicate the massive scale of this human rights abuse. FGM affects far more women than previously thought”.

Moreover, it’s also estimated that based on survey data suggests that in Africa 91.5 million girls and women aged 10 years and above have been subjected to this practice. Of these, 12.4 million are between 10 and 14 years of age (3). Looking at the high ratio of its practice, it’s assumed that if such an alarming situation should continue to exist in our civilized world, then some 86 million girls are more likely to experience some form of the practice by 2030.

Cultural Origin of FGM?

The custom of Female Genital Mutilation is considered to be 2000 years old. It’s believed that FGM hails back from the ancient Egypt Empire where it was practised on female slaves with the aim of controlling their sexual libido. With the passage of time, this practice found itself escaping from the borders of Ancient Egypt to other Arabian countries thus, it became widespread in other parts of the world.

According to independent research conducted by UNICEF, regarding the root of FGM explicitly explains the role of religion in its practice states:

“FGM/C is often seen to be somehow connected to Islam; a view that is perhaps unsurprising given the frequency with which it is practised by many Muslim African groups. However, not all Islamic groups practise FGM/c, and many non-Islamic groups do… Despite the fact that FGM/C predates the birth of Islam and Christianity and is not mandated by religious scriptures, the belief that it is a religious requirement contributes to the continuation of the practice in a number of settings.” Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Statistical Overview and Exploration of Dynamics of Change”, UNICEF, accessed December8th,20214,http//www.chilinfo.org/FGM_Lo_res.pdf, p.69.

According to Professor Barbara Crandall regarding the history of FGM, he states:

“Female genital mutilation is an ancient practice dating back to the Pharaohs. Its goal is to control female sexuality and parents promote it to make their daughters acceptable as wives. It is not confined to Islamic countries but is more common there…and it is not mentioned in the Qur’an “. “Barbara Crandall, Gender and Religion: The Dark Site of Scripture, 182.

Why FGM not Islamic?

The Holy Prophet (saw) said: ‘Five practices are of the inborn characteristics of man: circumcision, shaving the pubic region, removing hair under armpits, clipping the nails and cutting the moustaches short’. (Bukhari).

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) had several daughters but there isn’t a single narration which proposes that they have undergone this practice or been subjected to it. Even not a single narration. On the contrary, whatever Islamic law he taught Muslims he would first set an example for others to follow. For example, with regards to the punishment of theft, he would say even if it were my daughter Fatima(ra) who committed theft she would be subjected to the same punishment.

Additionally, it’s implausible to hold the belief that the Holy Prophet (saw) who laid down every detail regarding all aspects of a Muslim’s life, including internal female processes such as menstruation, would overlook female circumcision if Islam had allowed it. No narration of female circumcision is found amongst the wives of the Holy Prophet (saw).

Some people try to find a way out of continuing this demoralizing practice by arguing that the practice was too embarrassing which is why the prophet (saw) didn’t teach it to his follower. However, this presumption is wrong because the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) has in detail very briefly and in clear language taught the Muslims about every Islamic Law to the extent that once a Jew was prompted to state that the Muslim prophet had taught them everything including how to wash after answering to the call of nature.

Regarding shyness, the Holy Prophet (saw) said ‘Shyness is part of faith’ however shyness doesn’t stop Muslims from asking for every minute explanation of faith. For example, Hazrad Aisha (ra) said: ‘The best of the women are the women of the Ansar; shyness wouldn’t prevent them from inquiring about religion and acquiring a deep understanding of it’. (Sunan Abu Dawood.)

How about this hadith?

‘Narrated Umm Atiyyah al-Ansariyyah: A woman used to perform circumcision (on females) in Medina. The Prophet (saw) said to her: “Don’t cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband” (Sunan Abu Dawood).

The followings are the reasons why this hadith is dubious, unfounded and unreliable.

Sahih Bukhari, the most authentic source of the tradition of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) doesn’t relate to any such tradition.  Second to Bukhari in terms of authenticity is Sahih Muslim, which again doesn’t record any tradition about this matter. Indeed, of the six authentic books of traditions, five don’t contain any mention of the subject.

Only the sixth authentic book of traditions, Sunnan Abu Dawud mentions a tradition. Abu Dawud has a note recorded with this tradition which reads,” this report is Da’if (substandard)”.  Similarly, in the account of Islamic Law offered by Sunnan Abu Dawud, states, “The tradition reporting female circumcision has many different versions and each of them is substandard, unsound and seriously doubtful.”

There is no Quranic injunction that supports this hadith.

However, we read in a hadith that the Holy Prophet (saw) circumcised his grandsons Al-Hasan and Al-Hussein (ra). But we don’t read anywhere that he commanded his granddaughters or any daughter of his companions to be circumcised.

The Health Dangers and Complications of FGM

Medical reports have it that the practice of FGM includes the following harms such as severe bleeding, infections, problems in urinating and increased risk of new-born death.

Unqualified people with no prior medical training normally carry out this practice using non-sterile instruments, which can cause infections, gangrene and sepsis.

The process can also be a source of transmission of blood-borne infections such as HIV, etc.

The entire process of FGM put young girls into both physical, and psychological disorders, which may take a long duration before they are relieved of it or sometimes its complications may cause one to succumb to death.

In a nutshell, this practice cannot be either attributed to Islam or to its holy founder the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) who has always stood tooth and nail in fighting for the rights of women and girls in all situations from the time that the rights of women and girls were usurped by the majority of societies.

Spotlight: Aspiring to blaze a trail in sports photography through the lens of a female photojournalist

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By: Muhammed Lamin Drammeh

Just less than two years since she started actively participating in sports photography, Sarjo Baldeh is set to be among a group of young women on the continent to cover the Africa Under 20 Cup of Nations in Egypt. She will be there as a photographer later this month. Likely to be the first female Gambian photographer to reach such a milestone if things go as planned later this month in Egypt, this young lady aspires to blaze a trail as she pursues her dreams of becoming a phenomenal photographer beyond the peripheries of the Gambia.

“I take photography as a gift from Allah. However, Photography is not easy in this country. It takes dedication, determination, and consistency to survive in it,” says the 21-year-old female photojournalist who specializes in sports.

Sarjo Baldeh is a rare breed of a lady who has joined the booming industry of sports journalism in the country. For Sarjo, she does not use a pen or microphone to report, she uses cameras to report by capturing stunning images, a craft that she is excelling at just within 24 months when she decided to venture into sports photography.

Sarjo — who also studies construction — photography career started lighting up in 2015 when she was 15 years old and in 9th grade. She was lucky to be part of Starfish International, an organization that houses volunteers yearly from different countries. While attending the programme in the summer of 2015, Sarjo began taking pictures, a move that would fuel her burning desire for photography.

“After that session, I continued taking pictures and that has led me to where I am today. After 7 years now, I am more determined to be a life-changing photographer than before,” she said.

Baldez, as commonly known in the photography space, has followed her passion by making a move to sports photography, where she takes stunning pictures that hooks photography lovers.

Being a young female photographer, she always stands unique in the midst of men doing her job. She does even mind being called a ‘cameraman’ despite being a lady, a manifestation of the belief that such craft is for men. Sarjo, however, defied the odds and evolved into a powerful photographer regardless of the perceived notion of the craft being designed for males.

Like every dreamer, Sarjo has gigantic dreams in football. She wants to be the first Gambian female photographer to work with FIFA as media personnel, where she dreams to leave a massive legacy.

“My desire is to go further in sports photography. It is one aspect of photography that fuels me and makes me so happy. I wish to be the first female photographer in the country to work with FIFA as media personnel and leave a lasting legacy to be modelled by others,” the ambitious young woman told The Fatu Network.

At the age of 21, Sarjo has multiple admirers and those looking up to her. Different people from different backgrounds contact her to train them in photography. With her passion to help others succeed, Sarjo gathered these ready-to-learn young people and formed a social media page called Team Baldezz, where they will be exhibiting their skills in photography.

“This team is ready to do what it takes to make a difference with what they have. They are a combination of members with a burning passion for photography, videography, graphic design and script writing,” she explained.

Sarjo doesn’t only do photography, but she is as well a student studying construction at the Gambia Technical Training Institute (GTTI).

Now being approved to cover the 2023 Africa U20 Cup of Nations in Egypt as a photographer, Sarjo is ready to make a name for herself and capture moments that will last longer. She told The Fatu Network what travelling to Egypt means to her as a photographer.

“To me, it is hard work pays off. It has been my dream to represent my country and take stunning pictures. Pictures that will forever be remembered, capture moments at AFCON.

“It is a moment for me to experience as a female photographer, to network with other photographers and learn from others.

“It is also an experience to travel. I wish I get the sponsors to go to AFCON”.

Senegal’s Gains, Gambia’s Losses: The Truth Behind Banjul International’s New Levies

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The Gambia Civil Aviation Authority’s recent decision to raise passenger service and security charges, as well as introduce a new passenger safety levy at Banjul International Airport, has sparked controversy and raised concerns about its impact on the country’s fragile economy and the tourism industry. In this op-ed, we delve into the potential consequences of these new levies and call for a more responsible approach to managing Banjul International Airport.

The Gambia Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) recently announced its decision to raise passenger service and security charges, as well as introduce a new passenger safety levy at Banjul International Airport. While the GCAA claims that these increases are necessary to recover the cost of investment and improve airport services, the move is short-sighted and could have a detrimental impact on the country’s already fragile economy.

The GCAA’s claims of needing to recover costs for infrastructure and equipment upgrades are flawed, as they have not provided any concrete evidence of how these charges will be used to improve the airport experience for passengers. This claim of ‘improving infrastructure and services at Banjul International Airport is nothing but a smoke screen for their true intentions of lining their own pockets.

“The new charges and levy are in line with international standards and similar to those imposed at other airports” – The GCAA is trying to pass off their decision as a standard practice, however, this statement is far from the truth. Many airports in the region do not impose such high charges and levies, and it is not comparable to international standards.

First and foremost, raising charges and introducing new levies will likely deter tourists from visiting The Gambia. The country’s tourism industry is a major contributor to its economy, and any move that makes travel more expensive will likely lead to a decline in the number of visitors. This, in turn, will lead to a decline in revenue for the country and further damage its economy.

Moreover, the GCAA’s move is also likely to result in an increase in airfare. The airlines are likely to pass on the additional charges and levies to their customers, resulting in a higher airfare. This will further deter tourists from visiting the country and will have a negative impact on the country’s economy.

Additionally, it is important to question the transparency and fairness of the GCAA’s decision-making process. The GCAA states that the charges have remained constant for over 30 years, yet they fail to provide any concrete data or evidence to support their claims that the airport has undergone significant transformations or that their proposed increases are minimal and reasonable.

Furthermore, the GCAA’s decision to introduce a new levy to support aviation safety in the country raises concerns about where the money collected will actually be going.

The GCAA’s press release also states that “the airport is still contending with challenges which require huge capital outlays and immediate solutions” however it is unclear what those challenges are and if they cannot be addressed without increasing charges.

Tellingly, it is important to note that the GCAA’s decision to raise charges and introduce a new levy is not a sustainable solution to addressing the airport’s challenges. Instead of increasing charges, the GCAA should be looking for ways to increase revenue, such as by attracting more airlines and flights to the airport.
Apparently, the GCAA’s decision to implement these charges without proper consultation and consideration of the impact on the industry and passengers raises serious concerns about the transparency and accountability of the organization.

However, what is often overlooked is how these new airport levies may actually benefit neighbouring countries such as Senegal while hurting The Gambia. The additional charges and levies imposed by the GCAA may serve as a deterrent for tourists, making other nearby destinations, such as Senegal, more attractive to travellers. As a result, this could lead to a decline in revenue for The Gambia’s tourism industry and a shift in the flow of tourists to neighbouring countries.

It is imperative that the GCAA takes a more transparent, consultative and responsible approach to manage Banjul International Airport. The GCAA must engage with stakeholders, provide concrete evidence of how the additional revenue will be used to benefit passengers and the airport, and take into account the potential impact on passengers and the tourism industry as a whole before making any further decisions.

Why Dr. Ismaila Ceesay is the right choice for Gambia’s next Vice President

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The recent passing of the Vice President Alieu Badara Joof has left a vacuum that must be filled. As the Gambia continues to grapple with the loss of its Vice President, the question of who will take on the mantle of leadership has become increasingly pressing. However, it’s important to look ahead and consider who would make the most suitable successor.

In this Fatu Network op-ed, I argue that Dr. Ismaila Ceesay, a seasoned political science scholar and accomplished politician, is the right candidate for the job.

Dr. Ceesay’s qualifications are impressive. As a native of Brikama, a town that has been a kingmaker in Gambian politics, but has been historically underrepresented in the upper echelons of government, his appointment would signify a step towards a more inclusive and representative government.

Dr. Ceesay brings a unique blend of academic knowledge and political experience to the table. He holds a PhD in political science and has served as a professor and political commentator for many years. This combination of education and practical experience has equipped him with a deep understanding of the complex issues facing Gambia today, as well as a clear vision for the country’s future.

Additionally, as a vocal critic of the Barrow administration, but also one of his biggest supporters in pushing for national development. This balance of constructive criticism and support is crucial for any Vice President and would serve as a powerful symbol of the president’s commitment to transparency and accountability.

Moreover, Dr. Ceesay has demonstrated his commitment to the people of Gambia through his actions. He left the diaspora and returned to serve his country, renouncing his Swedish citizenship in order to be eligible to participate in Gambian politics. He supported President Barrow’s re-election and asked his base to do the same, demonstrating a willingness to put aside personal ambitions for the good of the country.

It’s also worth mentioning that Dr. Ceesay has a proven track record of working well with young people. Given that a significant portion of Gambia’s electorate is under 30, having a Vice President who can connect with young voters could be invaluable.

In addition, Dr. Ceesay is a charming figure, eloquent and knows how to connect with people from all backgrounds. This is a valuable asset for any leader, as it allows them to communicate their message effectively and build support across the country. His charisma and ability to connect with people would be an asset in building support for the President’s agenda.

Dr. Ceesay’s ability to understand and navigate the complex issues of international politics and international relations makes him an ideal candidate to serve as Vice President. He has a deep understanding of the political dynamics of the international community and is well-versed in the intricacies of international diplomacy. This knowledge and experience will be crucial as Gambia continues to forge relationships with other nations and play an active role in international politics.

In conclusion, the appointment of Dr. Ismaila Ceesay as Vice President would be a major win for Gambia.

He is a highly qualified candidate with a deep understanding of the issues facing the country, a proven commitment to serving the people, and the ability to connect with young people. The appointment of Dr. Ceesay as Vice President would be a historic move that would demonstrate the President’s commitment to inclusive governance and to representing the interests of all Gambians, including those of Brikama and its people.
Tellingly, his level of humility and service orientation is exactly what Gambia needs in a Vice President.

I’m more than convinced, he will work alongside the President, not against him, to ensure that the country is on the right track.
I strongly encourage President Barrow to consider him for this important role.

~ A concern Gambian.

Explainer: Does the Kankurang masquerade belong to only the Mandinka tribe in The Gambia, and can women wear the costume?

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By Dawda Baldeh

The Kankurang masquerade is one of the famous cultural practices observed by many in The Gambia. During the Miss Gambia Pageant held on Friday, December 30, 2022, at the Coco Ocean Hotel, a lady was seen dressed in a Kankurang masquerade regalia during a pageant.

Image: Photo of a woman dressed in Kankurang.

This spectacle has sparked a lot of controversies. A Facebook post, tagged “opinion” by Fatu Network, condemned the lady for wearing masquerade regalia, describing it as “disrespectful to the Mandinka Culture.” That post has generated over 422 comments, 580 engagements, and 17 shares at the time of conducting this fact-check.

Another Facebook user, Badibunka A.K.A Jawaro, said, “This is a total disrespect to our culture and sabotage; why should they allow such to happen? If you don’t know your culture and its roots, this is what it lead(s) you to, (I) am heartbroken seeing this Allah, Yalong [sic].”  But others like Modou Drammeh have a contrary opinion.

“Belie, this country (is) full of comedians! Kankurang is a Kankurang whether male or female; there is no law whatsoever that says only men should put on the masquerade. Let these fanatics chill and know that culture doesn’t belong to anyone’s father,” Drammeh fired.

Image: Other comments from the post.

Other comments from the post suggest that the masquerade is not for the Mandinka ethnic group only, raising questions about who owns it and who decides how it has evolved.

The two concerns raised were which tribe in Gambia the Kankurand masquerade belongs to and if women wear the attire of the Kankurand masquerade.

Against this backdrop, DUBAWA examined the issues by finding out from experts the facts behind the cultural practice.

What is Kankurang?

The term Kankurang is a combination of the Mandinka words ‘kango’ and ‘Kurango’, which literally translate as “voice” and “enforce,” respectively.

The masquerade wears a mask made of the bark and red fibre of the ‘faara tree,’ and there are three different types of Kankurang in the manding societies, which include,

  • Ifangbondi, who is invisible to the human eye and acts to shield boys from evil during the night time.
  • Jamba, a masked dancer responsible for ensuring that the community’s life is orderly and disciplined through his enforcement. This type can be seen at social occasions such as weddings and age-grade initiation ceremonies.
  • Wulengo, who is supposed to protect circumcised boys from evil spirits, wicked people, and witchcraft UNESCO.

The Kankurang initiate is clothed in leaves, and his body is painted with vegetable dyes. This is associated with circumcision ceremonies and initiatory rites.

Firstly, we sought to find out if, in Gambia, the Kankurang masquerade is a culture for only the Mandinka tribe.

Who does the Kankurang masquerade belong to?

Kausu Drammeh, a Gambian history and political science specialist based in the United States, said, “Kankurang masquerade is a culture known only for the Mandinka tribe.

“Masquerade is purely for Mandinka and is displayed by men,” he said.

Sulayman Ceesay, a Gambian cultural ambassador based in Sweden, also confirmed that the Kankurang masquerade is “purely for the Mandings (Mandinkas) and is for men. I grew up in a community and region known for masquerade, but it never happened,” Mr Ceesay added.

In a UNESCO research report conducted to preserve the cultures of different tribes in The Gambia, it was discovered that the Kankurang is an initiatory rite practised in The Gambia, in the Manding provinces.

The Gambia information site also states on its website, “The Kankurang is a secret society of traditional masquerades, used in traditional Mandinka circumcision and initiation rites, whose rituals can be seen all over The Gambia.”

A publication by The Point Newspaper Gambia also confirms that the Kankurang is tied to the Mandinka communities in the Gambia.

We can then conclude that in Gambia, the Kankurang masquerade is a cultural practice only for the Mandinka (Manding) tribe.

Secondly, we inquired about women wearing the Kankurang masquerade costume because some comments on the post suggested they couldn’t.

Do women traditionally wear the Kankurang masquerade costume?

Ebrima S. Sanneh, a History and Geography teacher at the Gambia College, also said that “I have never seen a female Kankurang in my life, and I grew up in a region that practices Kanjurang every time.” The Kankurang masquerade guides initiated boys in communities and disciplines people.”

On the other hand, in a report published by the Voice of Gambia, Hassoum Ceesay, Director General of the National Centre for Arts and Culture (NCAC), is quoted to have described Kankurang as “a highly respected and valued aspect of the Senegambia culture and heritage which is a Manding masking tradition that dates back hundreds of years.” He, on the other hand, said in a 2023 report published on theeastafrican that “while it is unclear, it wasn’t wrong for the female contestant to wear it during the beauty pageant. I believe the intention was great. The intention was to showcase our culture and heritage.”

There is no evidence of the rightness or wrongness of women cladding themselves in Kankurang costumes. But it is clear that the Kankurang masquerade tradition belongs to the Mandinka ethnic group of The Gambia.

”The researcher produced this fact-check per the DUBAWA 2023 Kwame KariKari Fellowship partnership with (The Fatu Network) Daily Trust to facilitate the ethos of “truth” in journalism and enhance media literacy in the country.”

 

 

 

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