The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended two new drugs for COVID-19, providing yet more options for treating the disease. But, the extent to which these medicines will save lives depends on how widely available and affordable they will be.
The first drug named baricitinib is strongly recommended for patients with severe or critical COVID-19. It is part of a class of drugs called Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors that suppress the overstimulation of the immune system. WHO recommends that it be given with corticosteroids.
Baricitinib is an oral drug, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It provides an alternative to other arthritis drugs
WHO has also conditionally recommended the use of a monoclonal antibody drug known as sotrovimab for treating mild or moderate COVID-19 in patients who are at high risk of hospitalisation.
This includes older patients, immunocompromised (a state in which the immune system’s ability to fight infectious diseases is compromised or absent), having underlying conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, and those unvaccinated.
Sotrovimab is the other drug, a monoclonal antibody cocktail recommended by WHO in September 2021.
Studies are ongoing on the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies against Omicron, but early laboratory studies show that sotrovimab retains its activity.
The panel of experts developing the guidelines also looked at two other drugs for severe and critical COVID-19: ruxolitinib and tofacitinib. Given their uncertain effects, WHO made a conditional recommendation against their use.
These recommendations, forming the eighth update of WHO’s living guidelines on therapeutic and COVID-19 are based on evidence from seven trials involving over 4,000 patients with non-severe, severe, and critical COVID-19.
WHO is in discussions with manufacturers to secure global supply capacity and equitable and sustainable access to the newly recommended therapeutics.
The two newly recommended drugs – baricitinib and sotrovimab – have been invited for WHO prequalification which assesses the quality, efficacy and safety of priority health products to increase access in lower-income countries.
