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Activist deems IEC chair’s overseeing of forthcoming elections unconstitutional, urges him to step aside

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By: Muhammed Lamin Drammeh

Coach Pa Samba Jow, a prominent Gambian political and social commentator, has called on the Chairman of the Independent Electoral Commission, Alieu Momar Njie to step aside amidst the alleged expiration of his term on April 7, noting that Mr. Njie would be unconstitutionally presiding over tomorrow’s Local Government Elections which, according to him, would automatically render the election null and void.  He equally called on political parties to challenge the issue in court.

According to him, the mandate of Mr. Alieu Momar Njie ended on the 7th of April 2023 and not what the Ministry of Justice said in a radio interview. To him, the IEC boss is unconstitutionally occupying the office.

“Mr. Njie’s continuous occupation of the office of IEC chairman is unconstitutional and an affront to our democracy. Consequently, any election, including the upcoming Local Government Elections, overseen by Mr. Njie will be unconstitutional, thus making it null and void,” he claimed.

Pa Samba argued that the term of the chairman of the country’s electoral body cannot be extended beyond the constitutional term. He said no authority, be it the president of the republic or any other official, has the legal authority to extend the mandate of the chairman of the electoral commission.

“For the record, Mr. Njie was first appointed in 2006 and resigned in 2007. He was reappointed for another term in 2011, and in 2016, he was promoted to the chairmanship. In August 2020, Mr. Njie told the Standard Newspaper that his term expires in 2023 because Jammeh gave him a new contract, which again is unconstitutional. So, the suggestion that his term ends in 2025 is flawed and illegal. If he should serve until 2025, he would have been in the IEC for 15 years, which contravenes section 42 (4) of the 1997 constitution,” he argued.

Pa Samba, despite raising the flag that the IEC chairman’s term has ended, hailed him for his heroic contribution to the 2016 election. However, he urged Mr Njie to step aside and not allow it to be used by the state.

“Mr. Alieu Momar Njie, regardless of what anyone may think about him, served his country. His heroism on December 1st/2nd 2016 is still fresh in our minds because if he and his team had capitulated to Jammeh’s attempts to usurp the result, we wouldn’t be enjoying the democracy we are touting today. Therefore, I will appeal to Mr. Njie to not allow the trappings of power to tarnish his legacy. He should be constitution-compliant and step aside. His term is over, and he shouldn’t be engaging in technicalities to try to elongate it.”

He urged political parties to challenge the claimed extension of his term in court to preserve the Constitution.

BAR student at Gambia Law School Pushes for Traditional Medicine Legislation

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                               By News desk

BAR student at Gambia Law School Pushes for Traditional Medicine Legislation

          Professor Raphael Nyarkotey Obu

Despite the tedious nature of the Bar Professional Course at the Law School, Professor Raphael Nyarkotey Obu, a Ghanaian Professor of Naturopathic Healthcare, and current Bar student at the Gambia Law School, Banjul, has proven that he is a scholar, an advocate, and a change maker by publishing an important legal commentary titled “The Need for Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine Legislation in the Gambia” in the Asian Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies. Additional four legal commentaries on traditional and alternative medicines have also been accepted for publication as a Bar student.

He has been working with the traditional healers in the Gambia to help change the negative image in their industry. This is unprecedented in the Bar professional course to see a student supporting a social course in the Gambia. Prof. Nyarkotey, who is also the president, Nyarkotey University College of Holistic Medicine in Ghana, has granted scholarship opportunities to 10 Gambian Traditional healers who are members of the National Traditional Healers Association of The Gambia (TRAHASS). The scholarship package worth 10,000 dollars will help the practitioners to pursue their academic program in Naturopathic Medicine at his established naturopathic medical school in Ghana.  The Professor also plans to provide scholarships to young ones interested in pursuing Higher National Diploma (HND) and bachelor’s degree programs in Naturopathic Medicine in Ghana.

The Nyarkotey University College of Holistic Medicine and Technology is Ghana’s first Naturopathic and Holistic Medicine College, registered under the Commission for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (CTVET), Ghana, and recognized by the Traditional Medicine Practice Council, Ministry of Health, Ghana.  The college is also an educational Member of the World Naturopathic Federation, (WNF), Canada. The College’s Naturopathic programs meet the WNF and World Health Organization (WHO), benchmarked for Naturopathic Medical Education.

The College is currently the only institution in Africa to develop the first-ever National Occupational Standard in Naturopathy and Holistic Medicine at the Higher National Diploma (HND) and bachelor’s level under the Commission for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (CTVET).

Risk of unregulated Profession

Professor Nyarkotey explained that in countries where regulation exists, the risk of traditional practices has been reported in the media space. What would therefore be the case for countries without legislation and regulation?  He quoted studies that justified that babies of women delivered in an “unorthodox health centre” had a significantly higher incidence of birth asphyxia than babies born in a hospital.

He also bemoans that traditional healers’ refusal to refer cases to mainstream facilities to seek standard medical treatment leads to a disaster. Based on several studies attesting to the fact that unregulated professions pose a public health risk, Prof. Nyarkotey emphasized that the government of The Gambia should take interest in regulating traditional and complementary medicine practitioners. This is to prevent harm. Besides, this is grounded on the doctrine of natural medicine; do no harm. Moreover, it is the duty of the Gambia government to protect the well-being of the citizenry regardless of whether the citizenry is subjectively content with the treatment that they are receiving.

He cited that countries such as China and India are benefiting from traditional therapies due to effective regulation.  Ghana has over 55 government Hospitals with herbal medicine departments with trained Medical Phythotherapists. The economy of Ghana and the healthcare space is benefitting from effective regulation of traditional and complementary therapies.

Also, in the present situation in the Gambia, without statutory provisions for practitioners, establishing standards may be difficult. For instance, some commentators held the view that self-regulation is meant for personal interest and not for the public good and that organizations that engaged in self-regulation have a challenge in enforcement.

Hence, when government regulates, it is to further the public good. He explained how government regulations have impacted the standards in mainstream medical practice. We have seen the relevance of regulation in countries with traditional medical practice.  They have national licensing standards, educational requirements and standards in the practice. Licensing of practitioners provides public confidence in any profession.

The Business of Traditional Medicine

Prof. Nyarkotey also held that many opportunities are associated with legislative regulation. For instance, the global market for traditional therapies stood at more than US$ 60 billion in 2000(WHO,2022), and is steadily growing.

The Gambia is a nation of tea lovers specially attaya (green tea), black tea, coffee, and loose tea; a market report by Market Research. Com (2020) found that the tea market was equal to 18.40 million USD (calculated in retail prices) in 2015. Until 2025, the tea market in the Gambia is forecast to reach 48.18 million USD (in retail prices), thus increasing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.01% per annum for the period 2020-2025. This is a decrease, compared to the growth of about 11.46% per year, registered in 2015-2019.

The average consumption per capita in value terms reached 9.61 USD per capita (in retail prices) in 2015. In the next five years, it grew at a CAGR of 8.16% per annum. In the medium term (by 2025), the indicator is forecast to slow down its growth and increase at a CAGR of 5.92% per annum.

In this report, the coffee alone instant market in Gambia was equal to 2.80 million USD (calculated in retail prices) in 2015. Until 2025, the coffee market in the Gambia is forecast to reach 11.51 million USD (in retail prices), thus increasing at a CAGR of 12.80% per annum for the period 2020-2025. This is a decrease, compared to the growth of about 18.39% per year, registered in 2015-2019.

The average consumption per capita in value terms reached 1.48 USD per capita (in retail prices) in 2015. In the next five years, it grew at a CAGR of 14.23% per annum. In the medium term (by 2025), the indicator is forecast to slow down its growth and increase at a CAGR of 9.67% per annum.

Also, Statista (2022) reports that the Gambia tea revenue amounts to US$39.83m in 2023. The market is expected to grow annually by 4.71% (CAGR 2023-2025).  The interesting thing is that in global comparison, most of the tea revenue is generated in China (US$111,800.00m in 2023) according to Statista (2022).

This could either be a negative or positive market outlook for the Gambia, as they contribute to the tea market outlook of China. I believe that legislation and strict regulation of the traditional and complementary medicine industry have a chance to benefit the Gambian economy.

The same report also revealed that by 2025, 16% of spending and 1% of volume consumption in the Tea segment will be attributable to out-of-home consumption (e.g., in bars and restaurants) in the Gambia.

On the international front, Fortune Business Insight (2022) reported that the global herbal medicine market size was valued at USD 151.91 billion in 2021 and the market is projected to grow from USD 165.66 billion in 2022 to USD 347.50 billion by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 11.16% during the forecast period.

Also, The Grand View Research (2021) also reports that the global complementary and alternative medicine market size was valued at USD 117,210.3 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.1% from 2023 to 2030.

The interesting thing is that India’s export of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) and value-added products of medicinal plants during 2015-2016 was $358.60 million.

In Africa for instance, where legislation and regulation exist, Andel et al. (2012) found that an estimated 951 tons of crude herbal medicine were sold at Ghana’s herbal markets in 2010, with a total value of around US$ 7.8 million. Most of these plants sold at the market were mostly used for women’s health, in rituals, as aphrodisiacs, and against sexually transmitted diseases.

Also, in Benin, one study by Quiroz et al. (2014) reported that the domestic medicinal plant market in Benin has economic significance. About 655 metric tons worth 2.7 million USD are sold yearly, and traditional spiritual beliefs are the major driving force behind the trade in herbal medicine. Gabon on the other hand; has just 27 medicinal plant products giving the economy US$ 1.5 million annually.

The traditional medicine industry in South Africa value does not enter into formal trade and therefore is an addition to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).  The most intriguing thing is that the medicinal plant trade in South Africa is equal to 5.6% of the National Health budget, equal to the whole Mpumalanga Health budget, or equal to the KZN Provincial Hospital budget.

Additionally, in Tanzania, Posthouwer, C (2015) study found that more than 61 000 kilograms of nonpowdered medicines valued at US$344,882 are traded in informal herbal medicine markets. Morocco, on the other hand, annual revenues generated from the export of medicinal plants were US$55.9 million in 2015(Market Insider, 2015), and US$174, 227,384 in Egypt (Abdel-Azim et al. 2015).

It is interesting how North African countries make a huge amount of money from herbal medicinal products as compared to West African Countries. For instance, the (Observatory of Economic Complexity, 2020) reported that the Gambia exported just $559 in Tea, making it the 171st largest exporter of Tea in the world. In the same year, Tea was the 239th most exported product in Gambia. The main destination of Tea exports from the Gambia is Switzerland ($365), China ($108), and Spain ($86).

The fastest-growing export markets for Tea in the Gambia between 2019 and 2020 were Switzerland ($365), Spain ($86), and China ($31).

In terms of import: that same year, Gambia imported $23.9M in Tea, becoming the 60th largest importer of Tea in the world. In the same year, Tea was the 14th most imported product in Gambia. Gambia imports Tea primarily from: China ($21.8M), Sri Lanka ($1.19M), India ($581k), Egypt ($108k), and Senegal ($53.9k). The fastest-growing import markets in Tea for the Gambia between 2019 and 2020 were Sri Lanka ($135k), Singapore ($33.2k), and the Netherlands ($12.8k). The Gambia is unable to export its herbal medicinal teas outside to generate foreign exchange.

 Reviewers Call for Legislation in the Gambia

One reviewer at the University Islam Bandung, Indonesia, in his general comment, held that bearing in mind that the history of standard medicine is actually through empirical work from plants and based on experience and research on the active substance content, that is what Paracelsus (1541-1493 BC) did. Hippocrates (459-370 BC) used more than 200 types of plants in his medicine. We recommend following the WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy. The desire to applicable legal regulations in the law on the practice of traditional medicine, complementary medicine, and alternative medicine is an essential wish for Parliament in the Gambia to implement.  The reviewer further commended Professor Nyarkotey for his positive thinking regarding traditional medicine legislation in the Gambia.  “The author’s manuscript thinking is correct; I hope the idea will be implemented. The law will regulate Good Manufacturing Practices for quality control of materials for traditional medicinal ingredients to conduct research according to evidence-based. I agree with the Author’s way of thinking.”

Another international reviewer of the legal paper states in his comment that the legal paper is a well-written argument/debate from the perspective of law. This needs to be carefully considered as it is related to the general public interest and health. A major debate is needed at the national level to discuss the issue.

The third reviewer at the Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India, believes that Prof. Nyarkotey’s legal commentary justifying legislation on traditional medicine in the Gambia is a Very much relevant and unexplored area.

 Recommendation

Prof. Nyarkotey The Gambia stands a better chance to benefit from national legislation to promote traditional and complementary medicine.

Prof. Nyarkotey recommends the following for the Gambia traditional medicine legislation:

  1. Set up a technical Committee to advance the drafting of   legislation   for   traditional   and Alternative Medicines;
  2. The legislation   should   not   only   focus   on traditional medicine but should cement on complementary and alternative medicine as well;
  3. The reason is that traditional and complementary therapies are siblings and leaving complementary therapies will leave a gap and could create future challenges.

iii.      Legislation should protect titles for practitioners to aid prosecution of those who arrogate to themselves titles they do not have in the profession;

  1. The legislation should prove a clear definition of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines and   practitioners’   qualifications; and
  2. The legislation should also provide a clear roadmap for integrative practices, especially for Medical Persons who would want to do crospathy practice.

GBoS press release on rescheduling of 2023 population, housing census

The Public is hereby informed that the 2023 Population and Housing Census earlier scheduled for April 2023 has been rescheduled to November 2023. The rescheduling is as a result of the state of preparedness which is affected by the emergence of the novel corona virus (COVID-19).  For the smooth conduct of any census, the pre-enumeration activities should start at least two years prior to the census. This was not possible due to diverted focus by government and development partners to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. This resulted in the low level of disbursement of funds to support the pre-enumeration activities which affected the timely implementation of these activities.  Also, the conduct of a population and housing census needs to be preceded by a capacity needs assessment to determine the ICT, Geographic Information System (GIS) material, and the human resource needs of the different stages of the preparatory process and to serve as input for the development of the census project document. However, the restrictions on the movement of people and goods affected the movement of technical experts to conduct this assessment and the timely implementation of regional workshops that were expected to boost the capacity of census personnel.

Another factor that affected the timely start of the census activities is the procurement of the GIS software and training on the use of the applications.  This was essential as this is the first time The Gambia is conducting a digital census which requires the conduct of digital cartography. Digital cartography requires getting recent high-resolution satellite imagery or downloading offline satellite imagery and loading it into the tablets for field operations. This process requires time and stable internet connectivity. The data sent to central office requires some editing and processing and this is one of the most daunting and tedious processes required to prepare an interactive digital enumeration area (EA) map to be integrated in the census CAPI application.

Also, another related activity that may affect the successful implementation of the census in April 2023 is the local government elections which is scheduled on the same day of the census reference date (15th April 2023). The campaign activities may jeopardize the publicity of the census, and this may have adverse effect on the census activities.

The delay in starting the census activities has a domino effect on the overall census roadmap and its implementation. There are lots of technicalities and technical expertise needed to conduct a digital census and since this is the first time The Gambia is using this system, sequencing of the implementation of the planned census activities is very crucial to its success.  The mapping exercise is ongoing and is expected to be completed in May 2023 and its data processing will continue for another three months.

Furthermore, it’s important to note that rushing or skipping any census activity will compromise quality of the output. Before the actual census enumeration, the Bureau is supposed to do a mini census called the pilot or trial census. The pilot census is the most important pre-census activity, and its main purpose is to test the overall readiness for the technical and logistical implementation of the census. This activity is planned to take place in May/June 2023 and will be followed by subsequent activities such as the deployment of census staff at the designated regional census offices, recruitment of census personnel, training and deployment of these personnel for the enumeration exercise.

Signed:

Nyakassi M.B. Sanyang

Statistician-General

Gambia Bureau of Statistics

GDC accuses IEC of ignoring vote-buying complaints

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By: Dawda Baldeh

Barely two days before the councillorship elections, the opposition Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC) has accused the country’s Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) of ignoring vote-buying complaints, saying it will negatively impact the outcome of the elections.

The party through their leader expressed disappointment over the issue and call for action against vote-buyers.

“Vote-buying has been very popular in our election and a series of complaints have been forwarded to the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) and no meaningful actions have been taken,” the GDC party leader said in a statement.

Kandeh stated that the practice has weakened the country’s democracy since candidates winning is based on their financial muscle to dash out cash.

“Vote-buying is morally and legally wrong and it has a great negative impact on electoral behaviour.

It is sad to know that vote-buying is a criminal act, but no ruthless action has ever been taken by the IEC to bring those committing the act to book,” he claimed.

According to the GDC boss, there are so many instances where material evidence has been presented to the IEC only to be comforted with “we will investigate.”

“We have seen how vote-buying deters good aspiring political leaders from running for office or deny an entry to the political office because money is chosen by the electorates over ideas or experience,” Kandeh emphasized.

He noted that vote-buying is seriously undermining the democracy and the franchise right of all citizens.

the opposition leader said the act enables poor governments and undercuts citizens’ ability to hold their elected officials accountable.

“Vote-buying is a contentious issue in our contemporary discourse on the sustainability of democratic development in The Gambia.

Our laws towards vote-buying are dead and buried because the implementers do not take the needful actions,” he asserted.

Kandeh said evidence has it that vote-buying is from the ruling party whom he described as “not law-abiding.”

He outlined that vote-buying has serious implications which can hinder the provision of laws and their implementations.

“Recently, an NPP stalwart supporter has been caught buying votes in Banjul and it has reached the police.

“This we believe is more than the needed evidence to act accordingly with the law.

“What has been the outcome? Nothing. The ruling party will be protected at all costs at the detriment of our own laws,” the party asserted.

He called for the enforcement of the laws to protect general safety and ensure the rights of citizens against abuses are maintained.

The GDC boss added that the importance of the law is to provide justice but the continuous violation of the law without penalties can be considered as advice and not laws anymore.

He described vote-buying as an act of corruption which can lead to electing corrupt politicians with weak political ideas and incompetence.

“Our electoral system continues to lose its integrity as their laws no longer serve their purpose,” he ended.

Coastal Road Market fish vendors lament daily challenges

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By: Fatou Kebbeh

In The Gambia, fish is a highly consumed seafood consumed by hundreds of families on daily basis, however, people who are engaged in the business of selling fish are mostly women who are now facing unbearable challenges due to the high prices of the fish.

The Fatu Network engaged some fish vendors at the Coastal Road Market to find out the challenges they are facing as customers continue to blame them for the high prices attached to fish.

The fish vendors blame the high prices of the fish on the fishermen and retailers. They called on the government to intervene and support them.

Narrating her nightmare of selling fish, Mariama Sowe, a vendor, said the fish they are selling normally passes through three (3) stages before it gets to them.

“The fish is now sold to some Senegalese fishermen at a cheap price. They (Senegalese fishermen) also sell it out to some of their colleagues and we will buy it from those men at a very expensive rate.

“This is not helping us, because most of us depend on this to make ends meet,” she lamented.

According to her, even though fishermen complain about the price of fuel, they should also stop the kind of deal they are doing with the Senegalese.

The fish vendor lamented the struggle some women face at the markets daily.

This, she said, will force them to sell their fish at prices that are not favourable due to the fear of income loss.

Kumba Cham, another fish vendor said, the struggle to get fish at the riverside is now unbearable and even if they have, it is always very expensive.

According to her, fish is expensive, ice is expensive, fares are expensive, and the women are tired.

“Sometimes we will sell from morning to evening and there will be nothing to take home because of losses, and that is very painful,” Kumba told The Fatu Network.

She added that the price of fish and all other commodities has increased which is affecting both market vendors and consumers because women always bear the burden.

“If the President can hear this, I will be happy because we want him to reduce the price of food items because they are very expensive and the women are tired,” she added.

Awa Bah and Isatou Sonko, who are both fish vendors, narrated similar experiences.

A customer who wants anonymity said she mostly roams the whole market to look for fish at a cheap price because what is given doesn’t always tally with the price.

“Some fish vendors are very kind, sometimes when they see you roaming, they will suspect your problem and then reach out to you, to sell their fish at a price that favours you and not them because they pity you,” she added.

Bintou Badjie, another customer, said the price of fish is so bad and this forces her to always change her plans.

“I mostly change what I want to have that is affordable because the price of fish is always expensive, and if I should remove that from my fish money it will not favour me, so I always change my plan.”

Fish vendors and consumers urged the government to help them with the prices of fish because it is affecting both businessmen and consumers.

Important announcement: Independence of TFN Heroes Awards Committee

The committee of The Fatu Network Heroes Award wishes to inform the general public that The Fatu Network and its CEO, Fatu Camara, have no influence in the decision-making process of who gets nominated and who wins what in the Heroes Awards.

The Heroes Awards committee is a purely independent body responsible for the selection of the nominees and winners.

The committee is committed to maintaining the highest level of transparency and fairness in the selection process, and we assure the Gambian people that we take this responsibility seriously.

We believe in the importance of recognizing those who have made a positive impact in our community, and we will continue to work towards that goal.

It is important to note that Fatu Camara and The Fatu Network only get to know who the winners are on the night of the awards, just like everyone else.

We thank everyone who submitted nominations and supported the Heroes Awards. The winners will be announced on the night of the awards, and we are excited to celebrate their achievements with the community.

Thank you for your trust in TFN Heroes Awards committee.

Meet the distinguished ladies and gentlemen on the Heroes Awards Committee

The Fatu Network 2023 Heroes Award will take place on May 13.

A five-member-award committee has been constituted with distinguished men and women tasked with executing free, fair judgement in recognising exemplary Gambians. It must be noted, however, that this committee and The Fatu Network are totally independent of each other, and The Fatu Network cannot make any decision as to who should be chosen for the award.

Here are the names and profiles of all the members of the committee:

Muhammed L Saidykhan

Muhammed L Saidykhan is a seasoned and self-motivated Communications and Development Officer with over 8 years of professional experience. He has worked with renowned organizations at both regional and national levels as a Programs and Project officer and served as the PRO for the Regional Youth Committee of Central River Region for 4 years.

For the last 5 years, Saidykhan has been advocating for equal opportunities, empowering, and engaging rural young people in rural Gambia. He has contributed to several projects for organizations such as the National Youth Council, Youth Empowerment Project, and United Purpose, all aimed at serving young people.

Currently, Saidykhan holds several positions including Media Assistant for the Gambia National Olympic Committee, Press Officer for the Gambia Volleyball Federation, and member of the Press Working Group for the Confederation of African Volleyball.

Ousman Sonko

Ousman Sonko is a highly experienced and passionate development practitioner with over 22 years of experience in adult training, mentoring, and coaching. His passion lies in gender, community, and rural development, entrepreneurship, and livelihood skills development.

Currently, he serves as the Principal Trainer at the Rural Development Institute and is the founder of Managers’ Prescription Consultancy Services – a specialized firm in grassroots capacity development, governance, entrepreneurship, agricultural value-chain development, business advisory services, project management training and evaluation, gender training, financial management, mentorship, coaching, and supervision.

From May 2014 to February 2023, he served as the Vice-Principal and Senior Lecturer at the Rural Development Institute, Department of Community Development, Mansakonko Lower River Region. Prior to that, he was the Assistant Community Development Officer at Kanifing Municipality from January 2012 to April 2014. He has also worked as a Community Development Assistant at the Department of Community Development from 2006 to 2014 and as a Credit and Savings Assistant at Gambia Women Finance Association (GAWFA) from 2002 to 2005.

Ousman has a strong background in project proposal writing, project management, agricultural value-chain development, business planning, and investment development skills. He is skilled in partnership and networking, human development especially women and youth, social science research, financial management, governance, organizational development, curriculum research and development, and content preparation and delivery. His passion lies in youth and women empowerment through livelihood skills development and entrepreneurship.

Mariyann Garmi Jabang Secka

Matiyann Garmi Jabang Secka is a highly accomplished and dedicated professional with a strong track record in promoting gender equality and women empowerment. She currently serves as the Director of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment at the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Welfare of The Gambia.

Mariyann’s academic background is equally impressive, holding a Master’s Degree in Gender and Development from the University of Sussex, United Kingdom and a B.A. Honours Double Majors in Women & Gender Studies and Political Science from the University of Toronto, Canada. Her academic achievements have been recognized internationally, as she is a recipient of President Obama’s Mandela Washington Fellowship for Young African Leaders (2017) and the Chevening UK Government Scholarship (2018), as well as a Canadian Ontario Scholar recipient in 2008.

With her extensive knowledge and expertise in women and gender studies, political science, and development, Mariyann has become a prominent figure in the promotion of gender equality and women empowerment, both nationally and internationally. Her dedication and commitment to her work have made her an inspiration to many in The Gambia and beyond.

MamaLinguere Sarr

MamaLinguere Sarr is a dynamic and experienced Human Resources (HR) specialist with a strong passion for advocating against Gender-based violence and promoting the rights of women and children. With over 20 years of experience in HR and Communications, MamaLinguere is a renowned social activist and leading figure in The Gambia.

Currently residing in Gothenburg, Sweden, MamaLinguere works as a People Business Partner Coordinator for a Global MedTech company. Her professional career in The Gambia includes key roles at The Social Development Fund, and Medical Research Council (MRC, The Gambia) where she was promoted to Deputy HR Manager and funded to pursue her Master’s in Strategic Human Resources Management at the Nottingham Trent University in the UK. MamaLinguere has also worked with Social Security Housing Finance Corporation (SSHFC) and has consulted with various institutions in The Gambia and abroad, where she provided training and recruitment solutions, and developed HR policies.

In her spare time, MamaLinguere enjoys quality moments with her children and unwinds by taking long walks on the beach. Her exceptional leadership skills and professional expertise make her a highly respected HR specialist and social activist both locally and internationally.

Fatou Amirah Mambouray

Fatou Amirah Mambouray was raised between the Washington, D.C. area and The Gambia which played a major role in shaping her vision and mission for the part she wishes to play in contributing to development.

Solution-oriented and eager to expand her insight as well as experience, she pursued her degree in International Relations and Development in London… further specializing in Sustainable Development. Now, after considerable and diverse work experiences with the likes of the International Committee of the Red Cross as well as The Fatu Network, Fatou Amirah is a budding entrepreneur in the industries of Beauty and Environment and is also a Civil Servant working for the Government of the Gambia.

Her core mandate is governed by her determination to contribute to Africa’s ‘Brain Gain’ in whichever capacity she possesses skills.

UTG graduates fear taint on degree credibility amid sex for grades scandal

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By: Lolly Sowe

Following the emergence of shocking allegations of sex for grade scandal at the University of The Gambia, The Fatu Network has engaged some students who recently bagged degrees on how they feel after hearing such allegations.

They said the allegations are capable of undermining the academic efforts they put into obtaining their degrees.

Jainaba Jobarteh, a recent graduate, said the allegations are disheartening.

“Brilliant students who worked so hard to obtain amazing results like myself are guilty because of these claims and how others will see us,” she told TFN.

To make sure the sacrifices of hardworking students and their credibility are maintained, she urged the school authorities to investigate the matter with utmost urgency.

She added that nobody at UTG is surprised by the problems the school is facing.

“The university has turned out intelligent, motivated students who have attended top universities and succeeded in a variety of ways.

Without a doubt, every UTG lecturer I know has a high moral standard, and they all work hard to make the school a successful centre for academic excellence.

This is unpleasant and tough to process,” she explained.

She mentioned that there are despicable people in every community and civilization, which is unavoidable, but generalizing is incorrect.

“If they go through the UTG courses, they will learn about the university’s value system and the moral danger of sexually initiated marks, which all university staff and students are warned against.

“Keeping this in mind, they should know that anyone who engages in immoral behaviour will face consequences if it is discovered.

“There are a lot of things at stake, therefore I hope the UTG authorities get to work and fix this,” she added.

Jainaba described the allegations as serious, saying they can compromise the reputation of any UTG graduate, male or female.

“With this serious claim, a thorough investigation is required,” she said.

Jainaba stated that the student union has encouraged the school management to launch an inquiry and make its findings so that swift action could be taken.

“As alumni of the University, we are duty-bound to have an in-depth understanding of the situation at hand from the parties involved.”

The school, students/victims, and the lecturers in a bid to make an informed opinion about this scandal otherwise they shouldn’t speak, Isatou M Janneh said.

However, she said until those involved are brought to the board by the school, she neither has a perspective nor a take on it.

For her part, Fatou Ceesay, another UTG graduate described the allegations as disappointing.

“Imagine how hard they have (students) worked for their grades, burning the midnight candle, travelling from Brikama to Kanifing early in the morning, and returning late makes it unfair to the serious ones that have sweated for their grades,” she stressed.

She added that the recent reports of lecturers allegedly sleeping with students or taking money from them in exchange for marks are unfair to those who acquired their degrees through hard work and sacrifice.

“Giving students grades they don’t work for after sleeping with them is not fair,” she lamented.

Ms Ceesay added that lecturers that are fun of doing such acts are not fit to be called lecturers and quick action should be taken against them.

“These lecturers should be forced to resign, and certain students should be filtered to see if their documents are real or fake,” Fatou recommends.

According to her, certain students are graduating with high GPAs, and in the end, they don’t deliver to expectations.

COVID-19 delays population, housing census

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The Gambia Bureau of Statistics (GBoS) has confirmed the 2023 Population and Housing Census, which was earlier scheduled for April 2023, is now rescheduled to November of the same year. According to GBoS, several factors have led to the delay in conducting the 2023 census, among them the emergence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).

“For the smooth conduct of any census, the pre-enumeration activities should start at least two years prior to the census. This was not possible due to diverted focus by government and development partners to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. This resulted in the low level of disbursement of funds to support the pre-enumeration activities which affected the timely implementation of these activities.

“Also, the conduct of a population and housing census needs to be preceded by a capacity needs assessment to determine the ICT, Geographic Information System (GIS) material, and the human resource needs of the different stages of the preparatory process and to serve as input for the development of the census project document. However, the restrictions on the movement of people and goods affected the movement of technical experts to conduct this assessment and the timely implementation of regional workshops that were expected to boost the capacity of census personnel.”

Although COVID-19 is the main factor that led to the delay in starting the census in April, GBoS also noted that the procurement of the GIS software and training on the use of the application contributed to the delay.

“Another factor that affected the timely start of the census activities is the procurement of the GIS software and training on the use of the applications.  This was essential as this is the first time The Gambia is conducting a digital census which requires the conduct of digital cartography. Digital cartography requires getting recent high-resolution satellite imagery or downloading offline satellite imagery and loading it into the tablets for field operations. This process requires time and stable internet connectivity. The data sent to central office requires some editing and processing and this is one of the most daunting and tedious processes required to prepare an interactive digital enumeration area (EA) map to be integrated into the census CAPI application.”

Meanwhile, the upcoming local government election scheduled for April 15, which falls on the same day month as the original census date, has also affected the timely start of the census.

“Another related activity that may affect the successful implementation of the census in April 2023 is the local government elections which is scheduled on the same day of the census reference date (15th April 2023). The campaign activities may jeopardize the publicity of the census, and this may have an adverse effect on the census activities.”

 

GBoS added: “The delay in starting the census activities has a domino effect on the overall census roadmap and its implementation. There are lots of technicalities and technical expertise needed to conduct a digital census and since this is the first time The Gambia is using this system, sequencing of the implementation of the planned census activities is very crucial to its success.  The mapping exercise is ongoing and is expected to be completed in May 2023 and its data processing will continue for another three months.

“Furthermore, it’s important to note that rushing or skipping any census activity will compromise the quality of the output. Before the actual census enumeration, the Bureau is supposed to do a mini census called the pilot or trial census. The pilot census is the most important pre-census activity, and its main purpose is to test the overall readiness for the technical and logistical implementation of the census. This activity is planned to take place in May/June 2023 and will be followed by subsequent activities such as the deployment of census staff at the designated regional census offices, recruitment of census personnel, training and deployment of this personnel for the enumeration exercise.”

 

Majority of Gambians convinced of govt’s commitment to implement TRRC recommendations

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By: Ousman Saidykhan

Fifty-five (55%) of Gambians have agreed that the government has shown a strong commitment to implement the recommendations of the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), the Afrobarometer survey reveals.

Thirty-three per cent (33%) of Gambians disagree or strongly disagree while twelve per cent (12%) either refused or said they don’t know when asked, the survey report says.

According to the survey, a large number of Gambians (76%) say the country should reconcile and move on since the commission has completed its work.

“At the same time, the majority calling for the prosecution of perpetrators of crimes and human rights abuses during President Yahya Jammeh’s regime continues to grow. A slim majority also continue to demand the extradition of Jammeh to face prosecution, though that proportion has weakened,” the survey indicates.

The government has accepted in its white paper almost all the TRRC recommendations. It has also approved NHRC to monitor the implementation process and make recommendations to the government on better implementation as recommended by TRRC.

The NHRC has since set up Stakeholder-Monitoring Committee (SMC) on the TRRC recommendations.

Afrobarometer is a research network that provides data on African experiences and evaluations of democracy, governance, and quality of life.

Mamadi Kurang: ‘Credibility starts with honesty and transparency with people’s money’ 

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OPINION:

Mamadi Kurang, a prominent Gambian political figure, recently endorsed Hon Bakary Y Badjie for KMC Mayor in the upcoming local government elections. However, this endorsement was met with criticism from some quarters, prompting Kurang to respond to his critics.

Kurang emphasized the importance of honesty and transparency in politics, stating that “credibility starts with honesty and transparency with people’s money. What is integrity if you don’t do what you promised?” He then directed his attention towards a critic, Juldeh Jallow, and asked whether they knew how the KMC revenue of the past four years was spent.

“By the way, KMC collected over one billion in 4 years. Do you know what it was spent on? Since you seem to know so much, you might be helpful,” Kurang stated, raising important questions about the transparency and accountability of the current KMC administration.

Kurang’s comments come at a time when there is growing concern among Gambians about the lack of transparency and accountability in public office. The KMC administration has been criticized for its handling of public funds, with many citizens demanding more openness and honesty from their elected officials.

Hon Bakary Y Badjie, who has been endorsed by Kurang, has made transparency and accountability a key part of his campaign. His pledge to be open and honest about how public funds are being used has struck a chord with many voters, who are increasingly demanding more from their leaders.

As the local government elections draw nearer, it remains to be seen how much of an impact Kurang’s endorsement and his questions about transparency will have on the outcome. However, his comments have certainly raised important issues that need to be addressed by all those seeking public office. Gambians deserve leaders who are transparent and accountable, and who are committed to using public funds for the benefit of all citizens.

Gambia Bureau of Statistics (GBoS) Press Release on the Rescheduling of the 2023 Population and Housing Census

The Public is hereby informed that the 2023 Population and Housing Census earlier scheduled for April 2023 has been rescheduled to November 2023. The rescheduling is as a result of the state of preparedness which is affected by the emergence of the novel corona virus (COVID-19).  For the smooth conduct of any census, the pre-enumeration activities should start at least two years prior to the census. This was not possible due to diverted focus by government and development partners to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. This resulted in the low level of disbursement of funds to support the pre-enumeration activities which affected the timely implementation of these activities.  Also, the conduct of a population and housing census needs to be preceded by a capacity needs assessment to determine the ICT, Geographic Information System (GIS) material, and the human resource needs of  the different stages of the preparatory process and to serve as input for the development of the census project document. However, the restrictions on the movement of people and goods affected the movement of technical experts to conduct this assessment and the timely implementation of regional workshops that were expected to boost the capacity of census personnel.

Another factor that affected the timely start of the census activities is the procurement of the GIS software and training on the use of the applications.  This was essential as this is the first time The Gambia is conducting a digital census which requires the conduct of digital cartography. Digital cartography requires getting recent high-resolution satellite imagery or downloading offline satellite imagery and loading it into the tablets for field operations. This process requires time and stable internet connectivity. The data sent to central office requires some editing and processing and this is one of the most daunting and tedious processes required to prepare an interactive digital enumeration area (EA) map to be integrated in the census CAPI application.

Also, another related activity that may affect the successful implementation of the census in April 2023 is the local government elections which is scheduled on the same day of the census reference date (15th April 2023). The campaign activities may jeopardize the publicity of the census, and this may have adverse effect on the census activities.

The delay in starting the census activities has a domino effect on the overall census roadmap and its implementation. There are lots of technicalities and technical expertise needed to conduct a digital census and since this is the first time The Gambia is using this system, sequencing of the implementation of the planned census activities is very crucial to its success.  The mapping exercise is ongoing and is expected to be completed in May 2023 and its data processing will continue for another three months.

Furthermore, it’s important to note that rushing or skipping any census activity will compromise quality of the output. Before the actual census enumeration, the Bureau is supposed to do a mini census called the pilot or trial census. The pilot census is the most important pre-census activity, and its main purpose is to test the overall readiness for the technical and logistical implementation of the census. This activity is planned to take place in May/June 2023 and will be followed by subsequent activities such as the deployment of census staff at the designated regional census offices, recruitment of census personnel, training and deployment of these personnel for the enumeration exercise.

Signed:

Nyakassi M.B. Sanyang

Statistician-General

Gambia Bureau of Statistics

Unavailability of prosecution counsel delays coup trial

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By: Ousman Saidykhan

The coup trial involving four soldiers and a police officer could not proceed at the Banjul High Court due to the prosecution seeking an adjournment, claiming the counsels in conduct of the case are both out of the jurisdiction of the court.

According to a letter from the state that applies for an adjournment, prosecuting counsels A.M Yusuf is bereaved and has left for Nigeria while L. Jarju seeks medical treatment overseas.

The case was adjourned last week for a ruling today on the admissibility of a mobile phone tendered by the state after defence counsels argued that the phone was not properly described by the witness.

The phone that was allegedly used to communicate “frequently” with the 1st accused, Sanna Fadera, was seized from one Karamo Jatta during the investigation.

The state also tendered what they said was the alleged coup plotters’ Operational Plan. It was admitted and marked Exhibit P11.

The prosecution’s application was granted and adjournment to Monday 17th April from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. for a ruling on the mobile phone and the continuation of the case.

Six (6) witnesses have testified in the case so far.

Lance Corporal Sana Fadera (alleged ringleader), Petty Officer Gibril Darboe, Corporal Ebrima Sanno, Corporal Omar Njie and Police Sub-Inspector, Fa Bakary Jawara are charged with four counts of Treason; Concealment of Treason; Conspiracy and Inciting mutiny.

Former GDC Diaspora PRO Endorses Talib Bensouda Ahead of LG Elections

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By: Dawda Baldeh

Dodou A.B. Ndow, former opposition Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC) Diaspora Public Relations Officer (PRO) has endorsed the re-election of incumbent Kanifing Municipal Council (KMC) Mayor Talib Ahmed Bensouda ahead of the Local Government Elections.

Stating the purpose of his endorsement of Mayor Bensouda, Ndow said, “I am inspired by Talib’s vision beyond the municipality and championed for local governance.”

“As a progressive-minded Gambian who keenly supports and endorses based on the performance of an individual who is tested, I am hereby officially endorsing His Lordship Talib Ahmad Bensouda for re-election as Mayor of the Kanifing Municipal Council,” Ndow said.

He added that Bensouda’s investment within the municipality in youth development, economic growth, education, environment, and social development has never been seen before him, thus visible and feel with a positive impact on the lives of KMC residents and beyond.

“His leadership qualities prompted the termination of his mother’s contract to represent the council she represented before his election to avoid a conflict of interest.

Talib’s investment in the council’s rubbish trucks “ Mbalit Project” is one of the most impressive projects by the council to alleviate environmental degradation,” he added.

Ndow cited market expansions and management for small businesses particularly for women as another milestone under the leadership of Talib.

“Re-election will ensure a higher degree of councils autonomy that will increase power and rights to neighbourhood groups to make their choices in tailoring their development,” he asserted.

Mr. Ndow noted that re-electing Bensouda will foster his motive for his innovation despite facilitating challenges from Central Government.

“Continue to encourage citizen’s participation in local governance that
Strengthen and Support Social enterprises and Social Action.
We need a Big Society Not Big Government,” he stated.

Sare Talata Alkalo summoned to retract comments against Dou Sanno, source tells TFN

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By: Dawda Baldeh

A source close to the office of the Upper River Region (URR) Governor has disclosed to The Fatu Network that the Alkalo of Sare Talata Bambayel Mballow has been invited to the governor’s office to withdraw the comments he made against Dou Sanno recently.  

“We just confirmed the news that the Alkalo of Sare Talata is presently at the URR governor’s residence.

We have reasons to believe that he is invited to withdraw his testimony against Dou Sanno,” the source said.

The Alkalo was accompanied by his relatives, however, our source said his relatives are all denied entry to the office of the governor.

“I have absolute trust in the Alkalo that he is not going to retract his statement and will remain true to his stance.

The days of intimidation and violation of one’s rights are gone, and we will defend ourselves against the want-to-be oppressors at all costs,” the source added.

Our source further told us that the chief of Jimara and the governor of URR are inside with the Alkalo.

“We expect more detail after their meetings,” the source noted.

Father recounts tragic death of son in April 10 student massacre

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By: Dawda Baldeh

64-year-old Abdoulie H Bojang, a Security Operations Chief residing at Talinding at the time of April 10, 2000, student demonstration which turned out fatal, claiming fourteen (14) innocent lives, has recounted how his son was killed while he was away.

Today, April 10, 2023, marks 23 years since the incident occurred where at least 14 students who were demanding justice for their fellow students were killed.

“I was 400km away on a trek to Basse on security inspection at The Standard Bank facilities. On our way back around Kafuta, we saw some burning tyres. I tuned into the radio and heard a report that some students were killed. The conservation with my wife in the vehicle stopped.

“When we arrived home between 7-8 p.m., we saw people standing around our house talking to each other and constantly looking at us. I could not do anything because I was confused. I picked up my motorcycle and ride to the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital to check what happened.

“After arriving at the hospital everywhere was busy, doctors hauling and yelling, and wounded students and parents were crying. I was told that I couldn’t see my son that night and I was completely out of my senses, but I have to comply. I went home and broke the news to my wife and the family,” he explained.

Mr Bojang added that after being told to go home, he knew it would not be good. “The following day I returned to the hospital around 8:30 a.m. where I met one Dr. Ceesay who took me to the accident and emergency room.

“I was told my son was shot and they have tried everything to save him, but he died. I was badly out of my senses, and I cried bitterly,” he said.

Mr. Bojang told The Fatu Network that he was later handed his late son’s school ID card and other materials. He recalled that late Lamin was having an exam on that very day.

“Lamin A. Bojang was a very smart and intelligent and promising student. This day will remain in my mind and heart until I died. Lamin’s death has left the entire family in a very devastating situation,” he narrated with tears in his eyes.

Over 23 years he said they are still waiting for justice, adding that some victims have died, other survivors have been paralyzed, and some of their parents who have been waiting to see justice being served have also died.

What happened after the incident?

After the tragic incident, the government under the leadership of former President Yahya Jammeh set a commission of inquiry probing the April 10th and 11th students’ demonstration to investigate and hold to account the security officials responsible. However, for Mr. Bojang, the commission’s purpose was not something they ended up seeing.

“We were called to testify at the commission which was set to investigate the security officials responsible but it was very unfortunate that the former President Yahya Jammeh over TV said he has indemnified those soldiers involved. That is to say, there was no justice for the victims,” the grieved father recounted.

According to him, hopes faded after the former president openly indemnified the soldiers whom they believed mated the gross human rights violations on the students.

The Truth Reconciliation and Reparation Commission (TRRC) Testimonies and Bojang’s View

Like hundreds of others who are direct victims or indirectly victimized, Bojang also appeared at the public hearing of the Truth Reconciliation and Reparation Commission (TRRC) to give testimonies on the tragic incident that claimed the life of his beloved son Lamin A. Bojang, a then 18-year-old grade 11 student attending Nusrat Senior Secondary School.

“Several things were highlighted at the TRRC particularly the manner the security forces handled crowds leading to gross human rights violations.

“I don’t know how others may see this but to disperse peaceful demonstrators with force is wrong. The way the security forces handled the kids on April 10 and 11 was wrong,” he added.

Mr. Bojang called on the government to act and implement the recommendations they have accepted from the TRRC to avoid reoccurrences of such tragic incidents.

“The best thing is for the government to implement the recommendations because the victims have waited far too long for justice. We have heard confessions during the TRRC but on the side of the students, it seems no one is willing to take responsibility. But from the narratives, you can easily pick up the security officials who acted otherwise,” he said.

For many people like Mr. Bojang, the loss is irreplaceable but getting justice is highly needed. He urged the government to speed up the process to ensure justice is served.

“It is very unfair for the victims to continue waiting for justice. You cannot impose reconciliation on people without justice. It cannot work and people are tired,” Bojang emphasized.

He described April 10 and 11 as a black day in his life and the family, saying the late Lamin A. Bojang was a very dedicated student whom he was hoping so much for.
He noted that from Latrikunda primary school to Nusrat Senior Secondary, the late Lamin was always in between 1st and 3rd position in the class.

Many parents and survivors like Abdoulie are eagerly waiting for justice as the long wait continues for two decades.

GDC administrative secretary assails Dou Sanno over ‘lies’ against Opposition

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By: Dawda Baldeh

The opposition Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC) Administrative Secretary 1 Ebrima Nyang has accused Dou Sanno, an adviser to President Barrow, of continuously lying against opposition parties, describing him as an “embarrassment” and a “disgrace to Gambian politics”.

“Dou Sanno will never take a break from uttering lies against opposition parties. I urged the people of Jimara to re-elect Ebrima Manneh for continued development.

Dou is an embarrassment and disgrace to Gambian politics.

He has no moral authority to preach honesty in our politics,” Mr Nyang asserted after party supporters clashed with the presidential adviser last week in Jimara.

Nyang denied claims that GDC is rejected in Jimara.

“He lied against the Alkalo of Sare Talata and his bogus statement was debunked by the Alkalo.

Dou has anchored lies against Hon. Kandeh during the Parliamentary election just to stain him with no substantiative evidence,” he added.

According to him, Dou went to Jimara with the company of the Chief due to fear of losing the seat to GDC again.

Speaking on a range of issues, the young politician said, “We (GDC) are dignified people whose actions can be measured with our words.

That is why we continue to reject Barrow’s government due to bad leadership and worthless adviser like Dou Sanno.”

He further explained that GDC will depend on their candidates at all costs.

Nyang described the presidential adviser as a “toothless lion”, saying no amount of threat will be considered.

“I want to profoundly warn you that whatever we can do within the limit of the law will be done and nothing can stop it,” Mr Nyang noted, adding that he was shocked to hear from the Alkalo’s attestation that he doesn’t know Dou Sanno when their villages are just next door.

He noted that how Dou continues to act in the political arena explains his lack of interest in the people of Jimara.

“The interest of the NPP is to secure your votes in every election for their continuous flamboyant lifestyle, while the people continue to live in terrible life,” he asserted.

Nyang debunked Dou Sanno’s assertions on his party leader Mamma Kandeh, saying he (Kandeh) is honest and a principal who loves the Gambia.

“Kandeh has shared every little thing with Gambians to contribute his quota. Unlike those spreading garbage to mislead the public.

The time is now to give power to the opposition, as the past 7 years has been marked with profound regrets,” he said.

Ramadan supports brain function, improves longevity

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By Prof. Raphael Nyarkotey Obu

Ramadan supports brain function, improves longevity

Ramadan in the Gambia

A study carried out by scientists in the USA found that the mental focus achieved during Ramadan increases the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which causes the body to produce more brain cells, thus improving brain function. Though the purpose of fasting should purely be faith, obedience, and seeking the mercy of Allah, the huge array of scientific and health benefits that this month brings along should again aid in strengthening the faith of a believer. A large number of studies conducted over the years by Muslim and non-Muslim researchers alike talk about the scientific benefits of Ramadan fasting (Hourani et al. 2009; Rouhani and Azadbakht, 2014; Rahman. S, 2022).  Hence, in this article, I examine the science behind Muslims’ fasting period: refrain from eating, drinking, and having sex during the entire daytime for one month, every year.

 Fasting, Motivation

Fasting has been applied for diverse reasons. But in the case of Ramadan, the purpose of fasting should purely be faith, obedience, and seeking the mercy of Allah. But there are other reasons people also opt for fasting:  For instance, Wikipedia (2022) notes that fasting was historically studied in a population under famine and hunger strikes, which led to the alternative name of ‘starvation diet’, as a diet with 0 calorie intake per day. For political reasons, it is understood that fasting is often used as a tool to make a political statement, to protest, or to bring awareness to a cause.

A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, to provoke feelings of guilt, or to achieve a goal such as a policy change. A spiritual fast incorporates personal spiritual beliefs with the desire to express personal principles, sometimes in the context of social injustice (Garcia, 2007).

A retrospective study by Harinarayanan, (1986) opined that the political leader Gandhi undertook several long fasts as political and social protests. Gandhi’s fasts had a significant impact on the British Raj and the Indian population generally.

BBC News (2019) also explained that in Northern Ireland in 1981, a prisoner, Bobby Sands, was part of the 1981 Irish hunger strike, protesting for better rights in prison. Sands had just been elected to the British Parliament and died after 66 days of not eating. His funeral was attended by 100,000 people and the strike ended only after nine other men died. In all, ten men survived without food for 46 to 73 days.

Shaw, (2008) also asserts that César Chávez undertook several spiritual fasts, including a 25-day fast in 1968, promoting the principle of non-violence, and a fast of ‘thanksgiving and hope’ to prepare for pre-arranged civil disobedience by farm workers.

A similar study by Espinosa and Garcia (2008) also confirmed that Chávez regarded a spiritual fast as “a personal spiritual transformation”.  However, Shaw (2008) is of the view that other progressive campaigns have adopted the tactic.

For medical application, Norman(2003) holds the view that fasting is always practised before surgery or other procedures that require general anaesthesia because of the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents after induction of anaesthesia (i.e., vomiting and inhaling the vomit, causing life-threatening aspiration pneumonia).  Additionally, certain medical tests, such as cholesterol testing (lipid panel) or certain blood glucose measurements require fasting for several hours so that a baseline can be established. In the case of a lipid panel, failure to fast for a full 12 hours (including vitamins) will guarantee an elevated triglyceride measurement( http://www.reducetriglycerides.com/lower_triglycerides_print.htm, 2010).

Despite its recent surge in popularity, fasting is a practice that dates back centuries and plays a central role in many cultures and religions.

 Fasting, the Science

Regulates blood sugar

From empirical literature, studies have found that fasting may improve blood sugar control, which could be especially useful for those at risk of diabetes (Link, 2018).

For instance, one small study involving 10 people by Arnason et al. (2017) with type 2 diabetes demonstrated that short-term intermittent fasting significantly decreased blood sugar levels. Another article by Gunnars (2020) asserts that both intermittent fasting and alternate-day fasting were as effective as limiting calorie intake at reducing insulin resistance (Adda and Kubala, 2020).

A previous review by Gunnars (2019) is further of the view that decreasing insulin resistance can increase your body’s sensitivity to insulin, allowing it to transport glucose from your bloodstream to your cells more efficiently.

Coupled with the potential blood sugar-lowering effects of fasting, this could help keep your blood sugar steady, preventing spikes and crashes in your blood sugar levels. A retrospective study by Heilbronn et al. (2005) found that the impact of fasting on blood sugar may differ between men and women.  The study demonstrated that practising alternate-day fasting impaired blood sugar control in women but had no effect in men.

Fasting fights Inflammation

On the other hand, acute inflammation is a normal immune process used to help fight off infections while chronic inflammation can have serious consequences for your health. Hunter’s (2012) study demonstrates that inflammation may be involved in the development of chronic conditions, such as heart disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis.  Given this, one review by Spritzler (2018) found that fasting can help decrease levels of inflammation and help promote better health.

Faris et al. (2012) study which involved 50 healthy adults found that intermittent fasting for one month significantly decreased levels of inflammatory markers. A similar small retrospective study by Aksungar et al. (2007) discovered the same effect when people fasted for 12 hours a day for one month.

The interesting thing is that one prospective animal study by Choi et al. (2016) demonstrates that following a very low-calorie diet to mimic the effects of fasting reduced levels of inflammation and was beneficial in the treatment of multiple sclerosis – a chronic inflammatory condition.

Fasting supports Cardiovascular Health

Interestingly, studies have found that incorporating fasting into daily activities could improve our heart health. One review by Kerri-Ann (2018) found that eight weeks of alternate-day fasting reduced levels of ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol and blood triglycerides by 25% and 32% respectively (Link, 2021).

Another retrospective study by Beleslin et al. (2007) in 110 obese adults found that fasting for three weeks under medical supervision significantly decreased blood pressure, as well as levels of blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, and ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol.

Another prospective study by Horne et al. (2008) involving 4,629 people linked fasting with a lower risk of coronary artery disease, as well as a significantly lower risk of diabetes, which is a major risk factor for heart disease.

Fasting supports brain function and averts Neurodegenerative Disorders

Though studies are limited to animal research, several studies have found that fasting could have a powerful effect on brain health. For instance, Li et al.,(2013) study found that practising intermittent fasting for 11 months improved both brain function and brain structure. Other animal studies have reported that fasting could protect brain health and increase the generation of nerve cells to help enhance cognitive function (Lee et al, 2000; Tajes et al, 2010). Link (2018) explained that because fasting may also help relieve inflammation, it could also aid in preventing neurodegenerative disorders.

Two animal studies, (Dua and Mattson 1999; Halagappa et al.,2007) found that fasting may protect against and improve outcomes for conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of fasting on brain function in humans (Link, 2018).

Fasting supports weight loss and boosts metabolism

Gunnar’s (2020) review asserts that many dieters pick up fasting looking for a quick and easy way to lose weight. Link (2018) hold the view that abstaining from all or certain foods and beverages should decrease your overall calorie intake, which could lead to increased weight loss over time. A previous study by Zauner et al, (2000) also found that short-term fasting may boost metabolism by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which could enhance weight loss.  One review by Tinsley and Bounty (2015) demonstrated that whole-day fasting could reduce body weight by up to 9% and significantly decrease body fat over 12–24 weeks.

Another review by Varady (2011) also found that intermittent fasting over 3–12 weeks was as effective in inducing weight loss as continuous calorie restriction and decreased body weight and fat mass by up to 8% and 16% respectively. The same author further found that fasting is more effective than calorie restriction at increasing fat loss while simultaneously preserving muscle tissue.

Fasting increases growth hormone secretion

Human growth hormone (HGH) is a type of protein hormone that is central to many aspects of your health. A review by Mawer (2019) found that fasting could naturally increase HGH levels. One study by Salgin et al. (2012) in 11 healthy adults demonstrated that fasting for 24 hours significantly increased levels of HGH.  Another retrospective small study by Hartman et al. (1992) in nine men found that fasting for just two days led to a 5-fold increase in the HGH production rate.  A similar study by Lanzi et al. (1992) also found that fasting may help maintain steady blood sugar and insulin levels throughout the day, which may further optimize levels of HGH, as some research has found that sustaining increased levels of insulin may reduce HGH levels.

Fasting averts ageing and promotes longevity

One retrospective study by Goodrick et al. (1982) in rats that fasted every other day experienced a delayed rate of ageing and lived 83% longer than rats that didn’t fast.  Three animal studies by (Goodrick et al.1983; Honjoh et al,2009; Sogawa et al.2000) experienced similar findings, reporting that fasting could be effective in increasing longevity and survival rates.

However, current research is still limited to animal studies. Further studies are needed to understand how fasting may impact longevity and ageing in humans.

Fasting fights cancer and increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy

Animal and test-tube studies indicate that fasting may benefit the treatment and prevention of cancer. Rocha et al. (2002) involving a single rat study found that alternate-day fasting helped block tumour formation.  Another test-tube study by Lee et al (2012) found that exposing cancer cells to several cycles of fasting was as effective as chemotherapy in delaying tumour growth and increased the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs on cancer formation. Unfortunately, most research is limited to the effects of fasting on cancer formation in animals and cells (Link, 2018).

A side effect of Fasting

Farooq et al. (2021) found that fasting during Ramadan impacts the daily physical activity behaviour among Muslims. Interventions should focus on creating awareness of the importance of maintenance of adequate physical activity for adults fasting during Ramadan.

In a previous study by Ali and Abizari(2018) among schooling Ghanaian adolescents who fast during Ramadan, fasting was characterized by marked changes in usual food patterns, increased dietary diversity, and significant body weight loss.

Another study by Meo and Hassan, (2015) also found that Ramadan fasting is safe for all healthy individuals, but those with various illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and renal and eye illness should consult their physicians and firmly follow the scientific recommendations.

 In two studies, Marshall (2012; Moore and Jason, 2016) hold the view that in rare occurrences, fasting can lead to the potentially fatal refeeding syndrome upon reinstatement of food intake due to electrolyte imbalance.

Wikipedia (2022) defines refeeding syndrome as a metabolic disturbance that occurs as a result of the reinstitution of nutrition in people and animals who are starved, severely malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness. When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is eaten during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the production of glycogen, fat, and protein in cells may cause low serum (blood) concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate.

Take Home

Studies have demonstrated the many impacts of fasting from different perspectives; health and spiritual. Cheers!

NB:

Prof. Nyarkotey has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations to justify his write-ups.  My articles are for educational purposes and do not serve as Medical advice for Treatment. I aim to educate the public about evidence-based scientific Naturopathic Therapies.

The writer is a Professor of Naturopathic Healthcare, a Medical Journalist, and a science writer. President, Nyarkotey College of Holistic Medicine & Technology (NUCHMT), African Naturopathic Foundation, Ashaiman, Ghana. E. mail: [email protected].  Currently, BL candidate at the Gambia Law School, Banjul, The Gambia.

University of The Gambia Medical Students Association: Health myths/benefits of the ‘mborr mborr’ tea

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011 R. Jobe

April 2023

THE MBORR MBORR TEA

It’s always refreshing after long hours of fasting, easily accessible and cheap, some date it back to ancient times, linked to traditions and culture but do we know its benefits? Are we just drinking it for its aroma and great taste?

As you read this, be sipping your mborr mborr along.

The “mborr mborr“ as it is called it in Wolof, ”jambakatango” in Mandinka bears no specific scientific name, it is commonly referred to as the Gambian tea, but it comes in many forms, and comes from the family Lippia Chevalieri Moldenke.

Taken with milk or taken plain, with or without sugar based on preference, the mborr mborr is very common in the Senegambian subregion. WHAT DOES MBORR MBORR CONTAIN?

  1. Mborr mborr is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, it could reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and could protect your cells from damage. Hence, this may help athletes, as exercise causes stress and muscle damage in the body. Thus, taking mborr mborr tea could help rescue and fight against exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes. It also aids in joint pains due to this property.
  2. Taking mborrr mborr tea may deal with sleep issues. Research also confirmed that mborr mborr was used in the olden days to manage insomnia and induce sedation. It could have anti-anxiety and calming effects. These properties could also benefit those with insomnia (lack of sleep).
  3.  The combination of mborr mborr when combined with hibiscus (wonjo) helps to decrease fat build-up in the body, hence it is a recommended therapy for weight loss.
  4. Mborr mborr has a great impact in fighting bacteria and bacterial infections. Its extracts are usually in the manufacturing of topical antibiotic ointments.
  5. In Ghana, one old study found that this plant is used in the management for the treatment of arterial hypertension. It tended to maintain low blood pressure levels as well as assured adequate sleep and rest.
  6. It is traditionally used as an antimalarial, and for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

ARE THERE ANY SIDE EFFECTS?

Though it is naturally safe to use mborr mborr, a recent study by (Dosoky and Setzer, 2021) found that its essential oils could increase the risk of birth defects. For this reason, pregnant women should not inhale aromatherapy( via inhalation of its vapour).

The European Medicine Agency (2020) also reports that pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid mborr mborr tea or extract, tincture, or syrups.

Note: Both animals and humans have demonstrated numerous benefits of mborr mborr in many forms. Key areas of interest are improving sleep; weight management in combination with hibiscus and helping athletes. You can add other ingredients as well.

REFERENCE: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286157503_Lippia_chevalieri_Moldenke_a_brief_review_of_traditional_uses_phytochemistry_and_pharmacology

Article on Mborr Mborr by Professor Raphael Nyarkotey Obu

‘Dou Sanno attacked Faye Manneh, slapped him and broke his phone’: Angry Alkalo confirms assault on GDC candidate, disavows inviting presidential adviser over for politics

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By: Dawda Baldeh

The Alkalo of Sare Talata village in Gimara Constituency Bambayel Mballow has denied inviting Dou Sanno, an adviser to President Barrow to his village for politics, confirming Dou Sanno’s alleged assault on GDC candidate for Julangel Ward.

“I never invited Dou Sano to my village. I don’t know Dou Sanno and he doesn’t know me,” the angry village head clarified.

Mr Mballow added that Dou Sanno only talked to the village imam.

“I was sleeping when a police chief (chief messenger) came and told me that you need to come to Sare Talata to talk to the people.

I said no problem because I was not expecting that you are coming to hold political talks,” he added.

According to the village head, the presidential adviser mentioned Mamma Kandeh and his candidate for the council election which he noted triggered the violence.

However, he said Dou should not have engaged him in politics as they (Alkalolu)are supposed to be neutral.

“You should not talk about politics or even attack others if you mean you came to engage the youths.

When you started talking, I was scared that conflict will arise because I was not expecting that this was the reason you came to my village for,” he explained.

The angry village head asserted that if he knew Dou Sanno’s visit was to engage him in politics, he would have not allowed that.

“Dou Sanno attacked Faye Manneh, the GDC candidate for Julangel Ward in my presence. He slapped him and broke his phone,” Alkalo Mballow explained.

According to the village head, the conflict started when GDC people came to the village and told Dou Sanno that he was not supposed to hold any political meetings in Sare Talata hence it was their turn.

“I asked the village youths not to fight you and that’s how I escorted you to your vehicle so that you can leave the village. You should stop telling people that I invited you to my village.

Only Allah knows. I don’t know you and even if we meet, you don’t know me either. You should not use my name, I am an Alkalo,” he noted.

Video footage of the conflict in Sare Talata was shared on social media outlets including WhatsApp groups showing the Presidential Adviser being chased out of the village, however, in a recent video, he (Dou Sanno) denied being chased out by villagers.

The Fatu Network could not reach Dou Sanno for comment.

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